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All Textbook Solutions for An Introduction to Physical Science
What are the two major divisions of natural science?What are the five major divisions of physical science?What does the scientific method say about the description of nature?Do scientific laws and legal laws have anything in common?Which two senses give us the most information about our environment?How may our senses be enhanced?1PQ2PQWhat are the four most common metric prefixes?What is the difference between a cubic centimeter (cm3) and a milliliter (mL)?1PQ2PQA sample of gold has the same mass as that of the osmium sample in Example 1.1. Which would have the greater volume? Show by comparing the volume of the gold with that of the osmium. (The density of gold is given in Example 1.1.)In a football game, you often hear the expression first and 10 (yards). How would you express this measurement in meters to a friend from Europe?1.3CEWhat is the purpose of significant figures?Why are mathematical results rounded?1.4CEKEY TERMS 1. science (1.1) 2. scientific method (1.2) 3. standard unit (1.4) 4. system of units 5. metric system 6. British system 7. length 8. meter 9. mass 10. kilogram 11. time 12. second 13. mks 14. SI 15. mega- (1.5) 16. kilo- 17. centi- 18. milli- 19. liter 20. derived units (1.6) 21. density 22. conversion factor 23. significant figures (1.7) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. a. _____ V = 10 cm 10 cm 10 cmKEY TERMS
science (1.1) scientific method (1.2) standard unit (1.4) system of units metric system British system length meter mass kilogram time second mks SI mega- (1.5) kilo- centi- milli- liter derived units (1.6) density conversion factor significant figures (1.7)
For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list.
_____ Acronym for metric standard units
CMDMKEY TERMS 1. science (1.1) 2. scientific method (1.2) 3. standard unit (1.4) 4. system of units 5. metric system 6. British system 7. length 8. meter 9. mass 10. kilogram 11. time 12. second 13. mks 14. SI 15. mega- (1.5) 16. kilo- 17. centi- 18. milli- 19. liter 20. derived units (1.6) 21. density 22. conversion factor 23. significant figures (1.7) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. e. _____ MillionFMGMHMIMKEY TERMS 1. science (1.1) 2. scientific method (1.2) 3. standard unit (1.4) 4. system of units 5. metric system 6. British system 7. length 8. meter 9. mass 10. kilogram 11. time 12. second 13. mks 14. SI 15. mega- (1.5) 16. kilo- 17. centi- 18. milli- 19. liter 20. derived units (1.6) 21. density 22. conversion factor 23. significant figures (1.7) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. j. _____ An organized body of knowledge about the natural universeKMKEY TERMS 1. science (1.1) 2. scientific method (1.2) 3. standard unit (1.4) 4. system of units 5. metric system 6. British system 7. length 8. meter 9. mass 10. kilogram 11. time 12. second 13. mks 14. SI 15. mega- (1.5) 16. kilo- 17. centi- 18. milli- 19. liter 20. derived units (1.6) 21. density 22. conversion factor 23. significant figures (1.7) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. l. _____ A group of standard units and their combinationsMMNMOMPMQMRMKEY TERMS 1. science (1.1) 2. scientific method (1.2) 3. standard unit (1.4) 4. system of units 5. metric system 6. British system 7. length 8. meter 9. mass 10. kilogram 11. time 12. second 13. mks 14. SI 15. mega- (1.5) 16. kilo- 17. centi- 18. milli- 19. liter 20. derived units (1.6) 21. density 22. conversion factor 23. significant figures (1.7) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. s. _____ The relationship of one unit to anotherTMUMVMWMWhich is the most fundamental of the physical sciences? (a) astronomy (b) chemistry (c) physics (d) meteorologyWhich of the following is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship in nature? (1.2) (a) hypothesis (b) law (c) theory (d) experimentWhich human sense is second in supplying the most information about the external world? (1.3) (a) touch (b) taste (c) sight (d) hearingWhich is the standard unit of mass in the metric system? (1.4) (a) gram (b) kilogram (c) slug (d) poundWhich of the following is not a fundamental quantity? (a) length (b) weight (c) mass (d) timeWhich metric prefix means one-thousandth? (a) centi- (b) milli- (c) mega- (d) kilo-Which metric prefix means thousand? (a) centi- (b) milli- (c) mega- (d) kilo-Which of the following metric prefixes is the smallest? (a) micro- (b) centi- (c) nano- (d) milli-9MC10MCWhat is the expression 1 in. = 2.54 cm properly called? (a) equation (b) conversion factor (c) SI factor (d) equivalence statement12MCWhich of the following numbers has the greatest number of significant figures? (1.6) (a) 103.07 (b) 124.5 (c) 0.09914 (d) 5.048 1051FIBA possible explanation of observations is called a(n) ___. (1.2)According to the ___, no hypothesis or theory of nature is valid unless its predictions are in agreement with experimental results. (1.2)4FIB5FIB6FIB7FIBUnlike mass, weight is not a(n) ___ property. (1.4)The standard unit of ___ is the same in all measurement systems. (1.4)10FIBA common nonstandard metric unit of fluid volume or capacity is the ___. (1.5)If A is denser than B, then A contains more ___ per unit volume. (1.6)1SAWhat are the five major divisions of physical science?What is the first element of the scientific method?Which generally comes first in solving problems, hypothesis or experiment?5SAWhat does the controversy over the face on Mars illustrate?How do the five senses rank in importance in yielding information about our environment?The senses cannot be completely relied on. Why?9SAWhy are some quantities called fundamental?A standard unit must have what characteristics?What makes up a system of units?For a given speed limit, would the numerical value be greater in mi/h or in km/h?14SAWhat standard metric unit is referenced to an artifact, and what is that artifact?16SA17SAHow is the decimal base 10 of the metric system an advantage over the base 12 of the British system?19SA20SA21SA22SA23SAIn general, when a derived unit becomes complicated (involves too many standard units), what is done?25SA26SA27SA28SAIf you multiplied 9874 m by 36 m, how many significant figures should you report in your answer?1VC1E2EWhat is the volume of a liter in cubic millimeters?Show that 1 cubic meter contains 1000 L.Water is sold in half-liter bottles. What is the mass, in kilograms and in grams, of the water in such a full bottle?A rectangular container measuring 10 cm 20 cm 25 cm is filled with water. What is the mass of this volume of water in kilograms and in grams?Write the following quantities in standard units. (a) 0.55 Ms (b) 2.8 km (c) 12 mg (d) 100 cmFill in the blanks with the correct numbers for the metric prefixes. (a) 40,000,000 bytes = ___ Mb (b) 0.5722 L = ___ mL (c) 540.0 m = ___ cm (d) 5,500 bucks = ___ kilobucksCompute, in centimeters and in meters, the height of a basketball player who is 6 ft 5 in. tall.If the DNA strand in a molecule could be stretched out, it would have a length on the order of 2.0 m. What would this be in feet and inches?11EIf we changed our speed limit signs to metric, what would probably replace (a) 55 mi/h and (b) 65 mi/h?Is the following statement reasonable? (Justify your answer.) It took 300 L of gasoline to fill up the cars tank.Is the following statement reasonable? The area of a dorm room is 49 m2.15EThe Hoover Dam Bridge connecting Arizona and Nevada opened in October 2010 ( Fig. 1.18). It is the highest and longest arched concrete bridge in the Western Hemisphere, rising 890 ft above the Colorado River and extending 1900 ft in length. What are these dimensions in meters? Figure 1.18 High and Wide An aerial view of the new four-lane Hoover Dam Bridge between Arizona and Nevada with the Colorado River beneath (as seen from behind the dam). See Exercise 16.A popular saying is Give him an inch, and hell take a mile. What would be the equivalent saying using comparable metric units?A metric ton is 1000 kg, and a British ton is 2000 lb. Which has the greater weight and by how much?Compute the density in g/cm3 of a piece of metal that has a mass of 0.500 kg and a volume of 63 cm3.What is the volume of a piece of iron ( = 7.9 g/cm3) that has a mass of 0.50 kg?Round the following numbers to two significant figures. (a) 7.66 (b) 0.00208 (c) 9438 (d) 0.000344Round the following numbers to three significant figures. (a) 0.009995 (b) 644.73 (c) 0.010599 (d) 8429.55Round the following numbers to three significant figures. (a) 0.9986 (b) 7384.38 (c) 0.01789 (d) 47.645Round the following numbers to four significant figures. (a) 3.1415926 (b) 0.00690745 (c) 483.5960 (d) 0.0234973What is the result of (3.15 m 1.53 m)/0.78 m with the proper number of significant figures?The calculator result of multiplying 2.15 is shown in Fig. 1.19. Round the result to the proper number of significant figures.What is needed to designate a position?What is motion?Between two points, which may be greater in magnitude, distance or displacement?2PQ2.1CEA communications satellite is in a circular orbit about the Earth at an altitude of 3.56 104 km. How many seconds does it take a signal from the satellite to reach a television receiving station? (Radio signals travel at the speed of light, 3.00 108 m/s.)What is the average speed in mi/h of a person at the equator as a result of the Earths rotation? (Take the radius of the Earth to be RE = 4000 mi.)What motional changes produce an acceleration?2PQIf the car in the preceding example continues to accelerate at the same rate for an additional 3.0 s, what will be the magnitude of its velocity in m/s at the end of this time?2.5CE1PQ2PQ2.6CENeglecting air resistance, why would a ball projected horizontally and another ball dropped at the same time from the same initial height hit the ground together?2PQVisualize the connections and give the descriptive motion answers in the blanks.KEY TERMS 1. physics (intro) 2. position (2.1) 3. motion 4. scalar (2.2) 5. vector 6. average speed 7. distance 8. instantaneous speed 9. average velocity 10. displacement 11. instantaneous velocity 12. acceleration (2.3) 13. average acceleration 14. acceleration due to gravity 15. free fall 16. terminal velocity 17. centripetal acceleration (2.4) 18. projectile motion (2.5) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. a. _____ Zero acceleration in free fallKEY TERMS 1. physics (intro) 2. position (2.1) 3. motion 4. scalar (2.2) 5. vector 6. average speed 7. distance 8. instantaneous speed 9. average velocity 10. displacement 11. instantaneous velocity 12. acceleration (2.3) 13. average acceleration 14. acceleration due to gravity 15. free fall 16. terminal velocity 17. centripetal acceleration (2.4) 18. projectile motion (2.5) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. b. _____ Difference between final and initial velocities divided by timeCMDMEMFMGMHMIMJMKMLMMMNMOMPMQMKEY TERMS 1. physics (intro) 2. position (2.1) 3. motion 4. scalar (2.2) 5. vector 6. average speed 7. distance 8. instantaneous speed 9. average velocity 10. displacement 11. instantaneous velocity 12. acceleration (2.3) 13. average acceleration 14. acceleration due to gravity 15. free fall 16. terminal velocity 17. centripetal acceleration (2.4) 18. projectile motion (2.5) For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. r. _____ Displacement/travel timeWhat is necessary to designate a position? (2.1) (a) fundamental units (b) motion (c) a direction (d) a reference pointWhich one of the following describes an object in motion? (2.1) (a) A period of time has passed. (b) Its position is known. (c) It is continuously changing position. (d) It has reached its final position.Which one of the following is always true about the magnitude of a displacement? (2.2) (a) It is greater than the distance traveled. (b) It is equal to the distance traveled. (c) It is less than the distance traveled. (d) It is less than or equal to the distance traveled.Which is true of an object with uniform velocity? (2.2) (a) It has constant speed. (b) It has constant direction. (c) It travels equal distances in equal times. (d) All of the preceding.Acceleration may result from what? (2.3) (a) an increase in speed (b) a decrease in speed (c) a change in direction (d) all of the precedingFor a constant linear acceleration, what changes uniformly? (2.3) (a) acceleration (b) velocity (c) distance (d) displacementWhich one of the following is true for a deceleration? (2.3) (a) The velocity remains constant. (b) The acceleration is negative. (c) The acceleration is in the direction opposite to the velocity. (d) The acceleration is zero.An object is projected straight upward. Neglecting air resistance, it _____. (2.3) (a) returns with the same initial speed (b) has zero velocity at the top of the projection (c) has a constant acceleration throughout (d) has all of the preceding.If the speed of an object in uniform circular motion is tripled and the radial distance remains constant, then the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration increases by what factor? (2.4) (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9Neglecting air resistance, which of the following is true for a ball thrown at an angle to the horizontal? (2.5) (a) It has a constant velocity in the +x direction. (b) It has a constant acceleration in the y direction. (c) It has a changing velocity in the +y direction. (d) All of the preceding are true.In the absence of air resistance, a projectile launched at an angle of 28 above the horizontal will have the same range as a projectile launched at which of the following angles? (2.5) (a) 45 (b) 57 (c) 62 (d) 180 33 = 147A football is thrown on a long pass. Compared to the balls initial horizontal velocity, the velocity at the highest point is ___. (2.5) (a) greater (b) less (c) the sameAn object is in motion when it undergoes a continuous change of ___. (2.1)Speed is a(n) ___ quantity. (2.2)Velocity is a(n) ___ quantity. (2.2)___ is the actual path length. (2.2)5FIB6FIBThe distance traveled by a dropped object increases with ___. (2.3)8FIBThe metric units associated with acceleration are ___. (2.3)10FIB11FIBNeglecting air resistance, a horizontally thrown object and an object dropped from the same height fall with the same constant ___. (2.5)What area of physics involves the study of objects moving at relatively low speeds?What is necessary to designate the position of an object?How are length and time used to describe motion?4SA5SAHow is average speed analogous to an average class grade?A jogger jogs two blocks directly north. (a) How do the joggers average speed and the magnitude of the average velocity compare? (b) If the joggers return trip follows the same path, then how do average speed and magnitude of the average velocity compare for the total trip?8SAThe gas pedal of a car is commonly referred to as the accelerator. Would this term be appropriate for (a) the clutch in a stick-shift car? (b) the gears in a stick-shift car? Explain.Does a negative acceleration always mean that an object is slowing down? Explain.A ball is dropped. Assuming free fall, what is its initial speed? What is its initial acceleration? What is the final acceleration?A vertically projected object has zero velocity at its maximum height, but the acceleration is not zero. What would be implied if the acceleration were zero?Can a car be moving at a constant speed of 60 km/h and still be accelerating? Explain.What is centripetal about centripetal acceleration, and what is the effect?Are we accelerating as a consequence of the Earth spinning on its axis? Explain.What is the direction of the acceleration vector of a person on the spinning Earth if the person is (a) at the equator? (b) at some other latitude? (c) at the poles?For projectile motion, what quantities are constant? (Neglect air resistance.)How do the motions of horizontal projections with the same initial speed compare on the Earth and on the Moon?19SACan a baseball pitcher throw a fastball in a straight, horizontal line? Why or why not?Figure 2.14(b) shows a multiflash photograph of one ball dropped from rest and, at the same time, another ball projected horizontally from the same height. The two hit the floor at the same time. Explain.Taking into account air resistance, how do you throw a ball to get the maximum range? Why?Do highway speed limit signs refer to average speeds or to instantaneous speeds? Explain.2AYKWhat is the direction of the acceleration vector of a person on the spinning Earth if the person is (a) at the equator? (b) at some other latitude? (c) at the poles?Is an object projected vertically upward in free fall? Explain.A student sees her physical science professor approaching on the sidewalk that runs by her dorm. She gets a water balloon and waits. When the professor is 2.0 s from being directly under her window 11 m above the sidewalk, she drops the balloon. You finish the story.How would (a) an updraft affect a skydiver in reaching terminal velocity? (b) a downdraft?A skydiver uses a parachute to slow the landing speed. Parachutes generally have a hole in the top. Why? Wouldnt air going through the hole deter the slowing?Tractor-trailer rigs often have an airfoil on top of the cab, as shown in Fig. 2.20. What is the purpose of this airfoil? Figure 2.20 Air Foil See Question 8 in Applying Your KnowledgeA gardener walks in a flower garden as illustrated in Fig. 2.21. What distance does the gardener travel?What is the gardeners displacement (Fig. 2.21)? Give a general direction, such as south or west. (Hint: Think of a 3-4-5 triangle, Pythagorean theorem.) Figure 2.21 A Walk through the Garden See Exercises 1 and 2.At a track meet, a runner runs the 100-m dash in 12 s. What was the runners average speed?A jogger jogs around a circular track with a diameter of 300 m in 10 minutes. What was the joggers average speed in m/s?A space probe on the surface of Mars sends a radio signal back to the Earth, a distance of 7.86 107 km. Radio waves travel at the speed of light (3.00 108 m/s). How many seconds does it take the signal to reach the Earth?A group of college students eager to get to Florida on a spring break drove the 750-mi trip with only minimum stops. They computed their average speed for the trip to be 55.0 mi/h. How many hours did the trip take?A student drives the 100-mi trip back to campus after spring break and travels with an average speed of 52 mi/h for 1 hour and 30 minutes for the first part of the trip. (a) What distance was traveled during this time? (b) Traffic gets heavier, and the last part of the trip takes another half-hour. What was the average speed during this leg of the trip? (c) Find the average speed for the total trip.A jogger jogs from one end to the other of a straight track in 2.50 min and then back to the starting point in 3.20 min. What is the joggers average speed (a) in jogging to the far end of the track, (b) coming back to the starting point, and (c) for the total jog?An airplane flying directly eastward at a constant speed travels 300 km in 2.0 h. (a) What is the average velocity of the plane? (b) What is its instantaneous velocity?A race car traveling northward on a straight, level track at a constant speed travels 0.750 km in 20.0 s. The return trip over the same track is made in 25.0 s. (a) What is the average velocity of the car in m/s for the first leg of the run? (b) What is the average velocity for the total trip?A sprinter starting from rest on a straight, level track is able to achieve a speed of 12 m/s in 6.0 s. What is the sprinters average acceleration?Modern oil tankers weigh more than a half-million tons and have lengths of up to one-fourth mile. Such massive ships require a distance of 5.0 km (about 3.0 mi) and a time of 20 min to come to a stop from a top speed of 30 km/h. (a) What is the magnitude of such a ships average acceleration in m/s2 in coming to a stop? (b) What is the magnitude of the ships average velocity in m/s? Comment on the potential of a tanker running aground.A motorboat starting from rest travels in a straight line on a lake. (a) If the boat achieves a speed of 8.0 m/s in 10 s, what is the boats average acceleration? (b) Then, in 5.0 more seconds, the boats speed is 12 m/s. What is the boats average acceleration for the total time?A car travels on a straight, level road. (a) Starting from rest, the car is going 44 ft/s (30 mi/h) at the end of 5.0 s. What is the cars average acceleration in ft/s2? (b) In 4.0 more seconds, the car is going 88 ft/s (60 mi/h). What is the cars average acceleration for this time period? (c) The car then slows to 66 ft/s (45 mi/h) in 3.0 s. What is the average acceleration for this time period? (d) What is the overall average acceleration for the total time? (Note these convenient British unit conversions: 60 mi/h = 88 ft/s, 45 mi/h = 66 ft/s, and 30 mi/h = 44 ft/s.)A ball is dropped from the top of an 80-m-high building. Does the ball reach the ground in 4.0 s? (See Figure 2.7.)What speed does the ball in Exercise 15 have in falling 3.5 s?Figure 1.18 (Chapter 1) shows the Hoover Dam Bridge over the Colorado River at a height of 271 m. If a heavy object is dropped from the bridge, how much time passes before the object makes a splash?A spaceship hovering over the surface of Mars drops an object from a height of 30 m. How much longer does it take to reach the surface than if dropped from the same height on Earth? Neglect air resistance in both cases. [The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 33% of that on Earth, gmars = (0.33)g.]A person drives a car around a circular, level cloverleaf with a radius of 70 m at a uniform speed of 10 m/s. (a) What is the acceleration of the car? (b) Compare this answer with the acceleration due to gravity as a percentage. Would you be able to sense the cars acceleration if you were riding in it?A race car goes around a circular, level track with a diameter of 1.00 km at a constant speed of 90.0 km/h. What is the cars centripetal acceleration in m/s2?If you drop an object from a height of 1.5 m, it will hit the ground in 0.55 s. If you throw a baseball horizontally with an initial speed of 30 m/s from the same height, how long will it take the ball to hit the ground? (Neglect air resistance.)A golfer on a level fairway hits a ball at an angle of 42 to the horizontal that travels 100 yd before striking the ground. He then hits another ball from the same spot with the same speed, but at a different angle. This ball also travels 100 yd. At what angle was the second ball hit? (Neglect air resistance.)Does a force always produce motion?What is the condition for motion when more than one force acts?If you were moving with a constant velocity in deep space, how far would you travel?How can the inertias of objects be compared?How are force and motion related?Which is generally greater, static friction or kinetic friction?3.1CEOn the surface of Mars, the acceleration due to gravity is 0.39 times that on the earth. What would a kilogram weigh in newtons on Mars? The answers to Confidence Exercises may be found at the back of the book.Whats the difference between an action and a reaction?2PQWhat keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth?2PQ3.3CE1PQ2PQWhen is the linear momentum of a system conserved?2PQSuppose you were not given the values of the masses but only that m1 = m and m2 = 3m. What could you say about the velocities in this case? The answers to Confidence Exercises may be found at the back of the book.3.5CEKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. a. _____ Gives the magnitude of the buoyant forceKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. b. _____ A measure of inertiaKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. c. _____ Describes the force of gravityKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. d. _____ Occurs in the absence of an unbalanced forceKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. e. _____ A nonzero vector sum of forcesFMGMHMIMJMKMLMMMKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. n. _____ Tendency of an object to remain at rest or in uniform, straight-line motionKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. o. _____ mvrPMQMKEY TERMS 1. force (3.1) 2. unbalanced, or net, force(3.7) 3. Newtons first law of motion (3.2) 4. inertia 5. mass 6. Newtons second law of motion (3.3) 7. newton 8. Weight 9. friction 10. Newtons third law of motion (3.4) 11. Newtons law of universal gravitation (3.5) 12. G 13. buoyant force (3.6) 14. Archimedes principle 15. linear momentum (3.7) 16. law of conservation of linear momentum 17. angular momentum 18. torque 19. law of conservation of angular momentum For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. r._____ Changes angular momentumSMA net force ___. (3.1) (a) can produce motion (b) is a scalar quantity (c) is capable of producing a change in velocity (d) both (a) and (c)What is a possible state of an object in the absence of a net force? (3.2) (a) at rest (b) constant speed (c) zero acceleration (d) all of the precedingWhat term refers to the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in uniform, straight-line motion? (3.2) (a) mass (b) force (c) inertia (d) external forceA net force can produce ___. (3.3) (a) an acceleration (b) a change in velocity magnitude (c) a change in velocity direction (d) all of the precedingAccording to Newtons second law of motion, when an object is acted upon by an unbalanced force, what can be said about the acceleration? (3.3) (a) It is inversely proportional to the objects mass. (b) It is zero. (c) It is inversely proportional to the net force. (d) It is independent of mass.Mass is related to an objects ___. (3.3) (a) weight (b) inertia (c) density (d) all of the preceding7MCWhich is true of the force pair of Newtons third law? (3.4) (a) The two forces never produce an acceleration. (b) The two forces act on different objects. (c) The two forces always cancel each other. (d) The two forces are in the same direction.Which is true about the acceleration due to gravity? (3.5) (a) It is a universal constant. (b) It is a fundamental property. (c) It decreases with increasing altitude. (d) It is different for different objects in free fall.What is true about the constant G? (3.5) (a) It is a very small quantity. (b) It is a force. (c) It is the same as g. (d) It decreases with altitude.A childs toy floats in a swimming pool. The buoyant force exerted on the toy depends on the volume of ___. (3.6) (a) water in the pool (b) the pool (c) the water displaced (d) the toy under waterIf a submerged object displaces an amount of liquid with a weight less than its own, when the object is released, it will ___. (3.6) (a) sink (b) remain submerged in equilibrium (c) float (d) pop up out of the surfaceIf a submerged object displaces a volume of liquid equal to its weight and is then released, what will the object do? (3.6) (a) rise to the surface (b) sink (c) remain at its submerged positionA change in linear momentum requires which of the following? (3.7) (a) a change in velocity (b) an unbalanced force (c) an acceleration (d) all of theseAngular momentum is conserved in the absence of which of the following? (3.7) (a) inertia (b) gravity (c) a net torque (d) linear momentumA force is a quantity that is ___ of producing motion or a change in motion. (3.1)Forces are ___ quantities. (3.1)3FIB4FIBThe inertia of an object is related to its ___. (3.2)6FIB7FIB8FIB9FIB10FIB11FIBMilk is ___ dense than the cream that floats on top. (3.7)The total linear momentum is not conserved if there is a(n) ___ force acting on the system. (3.7)14FIB