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All Textbook Solutions for Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers

1.1KTQ 1.1E 1.2E The Accounting Equation For each of the following independent cases, fill in the blank with the appropriate dollar amount.The Accounting Equation Ginger Enterprises began the year with total assets of $500,000 and total liabilities of $250,000. Using this information and the accounting equation, answer each of the following independent questions. What was the amount of Gingers owners equity at the beginning of the year? If Gingers total assets increased by $100,000 and its total liabilities increased by $77,000 during the year, what was the amount of Gingers owners equity at the end of the year? If Gingers total liabilities increased by $33,000 and its owners equity decreased by $58,000 during the year, what was the amount of its total assets at the end of the year? If Gingers total assets doubled to $1,000,000 and its owners equity remained the same during the year, what was the amount of its total liabilities at the end of the year?The Accounting Equation Using the accounting equation, answer each of the following independent questions. Burlin Company starts the year with $100,000 in assets and $80,000 in liabilities. Net income for the year is $25,000, and no dividends are paid. How much is owners equity at the end of the year? Chapman Inc. doubles the amount of its assets from the beginning to the end of the year. Liabilities at the end of the year amount to $40,000, and owners equity is $20,000. What is the amount of Chapmans assets at the beginning of the year? During the year, the liabilities of Dixon Enterprises triple in amount. Assets at the beginning of the year amount to $30,000, and owners equity is $10,000. What is the amount of liabilities at the end of the year?Changes in Owners Equity The following amounts are available from the records of Coaches and Carriages Inc. at the end of the years indicated: Required Compute the changes in Coaches and Carriages owners equity during 2015 and 2016. Compute the amount of Coaches and Carriages net income (or loss) for 2015 assuming that no dividends were paid and the owners made no additional contributions during the year. Compute the amount of Coaches and Carriages net income (or loss) for 2016 assuming that dividends paid during the year amounted to $10,000 and no additional contributions were made by the owners.The Accounting Equation For each of the following cases, fill in the blank with the appropriate dollar amount.Classification of Financial Statement Items Classify each of the following items according to (1) whether it belongs on the income statement (IS) or balance sheet (BS) and (2) whether it is a revenue (R), expense (E), asset (A), liability (L), or stockholders equity (SE) item.Classification of Financial Statement Items Regal Entertainment Group operates the largest chain of movie theaters in the U.S. Classify each of the following items found in the companys financial statements included in the Form 10-K for the year ended January 1, 2015, according to (1) whether it belongs on the income statement (IS) or balance sheet (BS) and (2) whether it is a revenue (R), expense (E), asset (A), liability (L), or stockholders equity (SE) item.Net Income (or Loss) and Retained Earnings The following information is available from the records of Prestige Landscape Design Inc. at the end of the year: Required Use the previous information to answer the following questions. What is Prestiges net income for the year? What is Prestiges Retained Earnings balance at the end of the year? What is the total amount of Prestiges assets at the end of the year? What is the total amount of Prestiges liabilities at the end of the year? How much owners equity does Prestige have at the end of the year? What is Prestiges accounting equation at the end of the year?Statement of Retained Earnings Ace Corporation has been in business for many years. Retained earnings on January 1, 2016, is $235,800. The following information is available for the first two months of 2016: Required Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the month ended February 29, 2016.Accounting Principles and Assumptions The following basic accounting principles and assumptions were discussed in the chapter: Economic entity Monetary unit Cost principle Going concern Time period Fill in each of the blanks with the accounting principle or assumption that is relevant to the situation described. ________________________________ 1. Genesis Corporation is now in its 30th year of business. The founder of the company is planning to retire at the end of the year and turn the business over to his daughter. ________________________________ 2. Nordic Company purchased a 20-acre parcel of property on which to build a new factory. The company recorded the property on the records at the amount of cash given to acquire it. ________________________________ 3. Jim Bailey enters into an agreement to operate a new law firm in partnership with a friend. Each partner will make an initial cash investment of $10,000. Jim opens a checking account in the name of the partnership and transfers $10,000 from his personal account into the new account. ________________________________ 4. Multinational Corp. has a division in Japan. Prior to preparing the financial statements for the company and all of its foreign divisions, Multinational translates the financial statements of its Japanese division from yen to U.S. dollars. ________________________________ 5. Camden Company has always prepared financial statements annually, with a year-end of June 30. Because the company is going to sell its stock to the public for the first time, quarterly financial reports will also be required by the SEC.1.13E 1.14E 1.15MCE 1.16MCE 1.1P Users of Accounting Information and Their Needs Havre Company would like to buy a building and equipment to produce a new product line. Information about Havre is more useful to some people involved in the project than to others. Required Complete the following chart by identifying the information listed on the left with the users need to know the information. Identify the information as one of the following: Need to know Helpful to know Not necessary to know 1.3P 1.4P Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, and Balance Sheet The following list, in alphabetical order, shows the various items that regularly appear on the financial statements of Maple Park Theatres Corp. The amounts shown for balance sheet items are balances as of September 30, 2016 (with the exception of retained earnings, which is the balance on September 1, 2016), and the amounts shown for income statement items are balances for the month ended September 30, 2016. Required Prepare an income statement for the month ended September 30, 2016. Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the month ended September 30, 2016. Prepare a balance sheet at September 30, 2016. You have $1,000 to invest. On the basis of the statements you prepared, would you use it to buy stock in Maple Park? Explain. What other information would you want before making a final decision?Income Statement and Balance Sheet Green Bay Corporation began business in July 2016 as a commercial fishing operation and a passenger service between islands. Shares of stock were issued to the owners in exchange for cash. Boats were purchased by making a down payment in cash and signing a note payable for the balance. Fish are sold to local restaurants on open account, and customers are given 15 days to pay their account. Cash fares are collected for all passenger traffic. Rent for the dock facilities is paid at the beginning of each month. Salaries and wages are paid at the end of the month. The following amounts are from the records of Green Bay Corporation at the end of its first month of operations: Required Prepare an income statement for the month ended July 31, 2016. Prepare a balance sheet at July 31, 2016. What information would you need about Notes Payable to fully assess Green Bays long-term viability? Explain your answer.1.7P Statement of Retained Earnings for The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company and Subsidiaries reported the following amounts in various statements included in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. (All amounts are stated in millions of dollars.) Required Prepare a statement of retained earnings for The Coca-Cola Company for the year ended December 31, 2013. The Coca-Cola Company does not actually present a statement of retained earnings in its annual report. Instead, it presents a broader statement of shareholders equity. Describe the information that would be included on this statement that is not included on a statement of retained earnings.1.9P 1.10MCP 1.1AP Users of Accounting Information and Their Needs Billings Inc. would like to buy a franchise to provide a specialized service. Information about Billings is more useful to some people involved in the project than to others. Required Complete the following chart by identifying the information listed on the left with the users need to know the information. Identify the information as one of the following: Need to know Helpful to know Not necessary to know 1.3AP 1.4AP Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, and Balance Sheet The following list, in alphabetical order, shows the various items that regularly appear on the financial statements of Sterns Audio Book Rental Corp. The amounts shown for balance sheet items are balances as of December 31, 2016 (with the exception of retained earnings, which is the balance on January 1, 2016), and the amounts shown for income statement items are balances for the year ended December 31, 2016. Required Prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016. Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2016. Prepare a balance sheet at December 31, 2016. You have $1,000 to invest. On the basis of the statements you prepared, would you use it to buy stock in this company? Explain. What other information would you want before deciding?Income Statement and Balance Sheet Fort Worth Corporation began business in January 2016 as a commercial carpet-cleaning and drying service. Shares of stock were issued to the owners in exchange for cash. Equipment was purchased by making a down payment in cash and signing a note payable for the balance. Services are performed for local restaurants and office buildings on open account, and customers are given 15 days to pay their accounts. Rent for office and storage facilities is paid at the beginning of each month. Salaries and wages are paid at the end of the month. The following amounts are from the records of Fort Worth Corporation at the end of its first month of operations: Required Prepare an income statement for the month ended January 31, 2016. Prepare a balance sheet at January 31, 2016. What information would you need about Notes Payable to fully assess Fort Worths longterm viability? Explain your answer.Corrected Financial Statements Heidis Bakery Inc. operates a small pastry business. The company has always maintained a complete and accurate set of records. Unfortunately, the companys accountant left in a dispute with the president and took the 2016 financial statements with her. The following balance sheet and income statement were prepared by the companys president: The president is very disappointed with the net loss for the year because net income has averaged $21,000 over the last ten years. He has asked for your help in determining whether the reported net loss accurately reflects the profitability of the company and whether the balance sheet is prepared correctly. Required Prepare a corrected income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016. Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2016. (The actual amount of retained earnings on January 1, 2016, was $39,900. The December 31, 2016, Retained Earnings balance shown is incorrect. The president simply plugged in this amount to make the balance sheet balance.) Prepare a corrected balance sheet at December 31, 2016. Draft a memo to the president explaining the major differences between the income statement he prepared and the one you prepared.Statement of Retained Earnings for Brunswick Corporation Brunswick Corporation reported the following amounts in various statements included in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. (All amounts are stated in millions of dollars.) Required Prepare a statement of retained earnings for Brunswick Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2013. Brunswick does not actually present a statement of retained earnings in its annual report. Instead, it presents a broader statement of shareholders equity. Describe the information that would be included on this statement that is not included on a statement of retained earnings.1.9AP 1.10AMCP 1.1DC Reading and Interpreting Chipotles Financial Statements Refer to the financial statements for Chipotle reproduced in the chapter and answer the following questions. What was the companys net income for 2014? State Chipotles financial position on December 31, 2014, in terms of the accounting equation. By what amount did Leasehold improvements, property and equipment, net, increase during 2014? Explain what would cause an increase in this item.Comparing Two Companies in the Same Industry: Chipotle and Panera Bread Refer to the financial information for Chipotle and Panera Bread reproduced at the back of the book and answer the following questions. What was the total revenue for each company for the most recent year? By what percentage did each companys revenue increase or decrease from its total amount in the prior year? What was each companys net income for the most recent year? By what percentage did each companys net income increase or decrease from its net income for the prior year? What was the total asset balance for each company at the end of its most recent year? Among its assets, what was the largest asset each company reported on its year-end balance sheet? Did either company pay its stockholders any dividends during the most recent year? Explain how you can tell.1.5DC 1.6DC 1.7DC Read each definition below and write the number of the definition in the blank beside the appropriate term. The quiz solutions appear at the end of the chapter. Understandability Relevance Faithful representation Comparability Depreciation Consistency Materiality Conservatism Operating cycle Current asset Current liability Liquidity Working capital Current ratio Single-step income statement Multiple-step income statement Gross profit Profit margin Auditors report An income statement in which all expenses are added together and subtracted from all revenues. The magnitude of an accounting information omission or misstatement that will affect the judgment of someone relying on the information. The capacity of information to make a difference in a decision. An income statement that shows classifications of revenues and expenses as well as important subtotals. The practice of using the least optimistic estimate when two estimates of amounts are about equally likely. The quality of accounting information that makes it comprehensible to those willing to spend the necessary time. Current assets divided by current liabilities. The quality of information that makes it complete, neutral, and free from error. An obligation that will be satisfied within the next operating cycle or within one year if the cycle is shorter than one year. Current assets minus current liabilities. Net income divided by sales. For accounting information, the quality that allows a user to analyze two or more companies and look for similarities and differences. An asset that is expected to be realized in cash or sold or consumed during the operating cycle or within one year if the cycle is shorter than one year. The ability of a company to pay its debts as they come due. For accounting information, the quality that allows a user to compare two or more accounting periods for a single company. The process of allocating the cost of a long-term tangible asset over its useful life. The period of time between the purchase of inventory and the collection of any receivable from the sale of the inventory. Sales less cost of goods sold. The opinion rendered by a public accounting firm concerning the fairness of the presentation of the financial statements.2.1E The Operating Cycle Two Wheeler Cycle Shop buys all of its bikes from one manufacturer, Baxter Bikes. On average, bikes are on hand for 45 days before Two Wheeler sells them. The company sells some bikes for cash but also extends credit to its customers for 30 days. Required On average, what is the minimum length of Two Wheelers operating cycle? the maximum length? Explain why the operating cycle for Baxter, the manufacturer of the bikes, would normally be longer than that of Two Wheeler, the retailer.Classification of Financial Statement Items Regal Entertainment Group operates the largest chain of movie theaters in the U.S. Classify each of the following items found on the companys balance sheet included in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2015 as a current asset (CA), noncurrent asset (NCA), current liability (CL), long-term liability (LTL), or stockholders equity (SE) item. ______ 1. Trade and other receivables, net ______ 2. Class A common stock ______ 3. Land ______ 4. Inventories ______ 5. Interest payable ______ 6. Equipment ______ 7. Accounts payable ______ 8. Retained earnings ______ 9. Equipment ______ 10. Long-term debt, less current portion Current Ratio Baldwin Corp. reported the following current accounts at the end of two recent years: Required Compute Baldwins current ratio at the end of each of the two years. How has Baldwins liquidity changed at the end of 2016 compared to the end of 2015? Comment on the relative composition of Baldwins current assets at the end of 2016 compared to the end of 2015.Classification of Assets and Liabilities Indicate the appropriate classification of each of the following as a current asset (CA), noncurrent asset (NCA), current liability (CL), or long-term liability (LTL). ______ 1. Inventory ______ 2. Accounts payable ______ 3. Cash ______ 4. Patents ______ 5. Notes payable, due in six months ______ 6. Taxes payable ______ 7. Prepaid rent (for the next nine months) ______ 8. Bonds payable, due in ten years ______ 9. Machinery Selling Expenses and General and Administrative Expenses Operating expenses are subdivided between selling expenses and general and administrative expenses when a multiple-step income statement is prepared. Identify each of the following items as a selling expense (S) or general and administrative expense (G$A). ______ 1. Advertising expense ______ 2. Depreciation expenseâ€”store furniture and fixtures ______ 3. Office rent expense ______ 4. Office salaries expense ______ 5. Store rent expense ______ 6. Store salaries expense ______ 7. Insurance expense ______ 8. Supplies expense ______ 9. Utilities expense 2.7E Income Statement Ratio The income statement of Holly Enterprises shows operating revenues of $134,800, selling expenses of $38,310, general and administrative expenses of $36,990, interest expense of $580, and income tax expense of $13,920. Hollys stockholders equity was $280,000 at the beginning of the year and $320,000 at the end of the year. The company has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding at the end of the year. Required Compute Hollys profit margin. What other information would you need in order to comment on whether this ratio is favorable?Statement of Retained Earnings Landon Corporation was organized on January 2, 2014, with the investment of $100,000 by each of its two stockholders. Net income for its first year of business was $85,200. Net income increased during 2015 to $125,320 and to $145,480 during 2016. Landon paid $20,000 in dividends to each of the two stockholders in each of the three years. Required Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2016.Components of the Statement of Cash Flows Identify each of the following items as operating (O), investing (I), financing (F), or not on the statement of cash flows (N). ______ 1. Paid for supplies ______ 2. Collected cash from customers ______ 3. Purchased land (held for resale) ______ 4. Purchased land (for construction of new building) ______ 5. Paid dividend ______ 6. Issued stock ______ 7. Purchased computers (for use in the business) ______ 8. Sold old equipment 2.11E 2.12MCE 2.13MCE 2.14MCE Materiality Joseph Knapp, a newly hired accountant wanting to impress his boss, stayed late one night to analyze the office supplies expense. He determined the cost by month for the previous 12 months of each of the following: computer paper, copy paper, fax paper, pencils and pens, notepads, postage, stationery, and miscellaneous items. Required What did Joseph think his boss would learn from this information? What action might be taken as a result of knowing it? Would this information be more relevant if Joseph worked for a hardware store or for a real estate company? Discuss.Costs and Expenses The following costs are incurred by a retailer: Display fixtures in a retail store Advertising Merchandise for sale Incorporation (i.e., legal costs, stock issue costs) Cost of a franchise Office supplies Wages and salaries Computer software Computer hardware Required For each cost, explain whether all of the cost or only a portion of the cost would appear as an expense on the income statement for the period in which the cost was incurred. If not all of the cost would appear on the income statement for that period, explain why not.2.3P 2.4P Working Capital and Current Ratio The balance sheet of Stevenson Inc. includes the following items: Required Determine the current ratio and working capital. Beyond the information provided in your answers to (1), what does the composition of the current assets tell you about Stevensons liquidity? What other information do you need to fully assess Stevensons liquidity?Single-Step Income Statement The following income statement items, arranged in alphabetical order, are taken from the records of Shaw Corporation for the current year: Required Prepare a single-step income statement for the current year. What weaknesses do you see in this form for the income statement?Multiple-Step Income Statement and Profit Margin Refer to the list of income statement items in Problem 2-6. Assume that Shaw Corporation classifies all operating expenses into two categories: (1) selling and (2) general and administrative. Required Prepare a multiple-step income statement for the current year. What advantages do you see in this form for the income statement? Compute Shaws profit margin. Comment on Shaws profitability. What other factors need to be taken into account to assess Shaws profitability?Statement of Cash Flows Colorado Corporation was organized at the beginning of the year, with the investment of $250,000 in cash by its stockholders. The company immediately purchased an office building for $300,000, paying $210,000 in cash and signing a three-year promissory note for the balance. Colorado signed a five-year, $60,000 promissory note at a local bank during the year and received cash in the same amount. During its first year, Colorado collected $93,970 from its customers. It paid $65,600 for inventory, $20,400 in salaries and wages, and another $3,100 in taxes. Colorado paid $5,600 in cash dividends. Required Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year. What does this statement tell you that an income statement does not?Basic Elements of Financial Reports Comparative income statements for Grammar Inc. are as follows: Required The president and management believe that the company performed better in 2016 than it did in 2015. Write the presidents letter to be included in the 2016 annual report. Explain why the company is financially sound and why shareholders should not be alarmed by the $20,000 loss in a year when operating revenues increased significantly.2.10MCP 2.11MCP 2.12MCP 2.1AP 2.2AP 2.3AP 2.4AP Working Capital and Current Ratio The balance sheet of Kapinski Inc. includes the following items: Required Determine the current ratio and working capital. Kapinski appears to have a positive current ratio and a large net working capital. Why would it have trouble paying bills as they come due? Suggest three things that Kapinski can do to help pay its bills on time.Single-Step Income Statement The following income statement items, arranged in alphabetical order, are taken from the records of Corbin Enterprises for the current year: Required Prepare a single-step income statement for the current year. What weaknesses do you see in this form for the income statement?2.7AP 2.8AP 2.9AP Comparability and Consistency in Income Statements The following income statements were provided by Chisholm Company, a wholesale food distributor: Required Identify each income statement as either single- or multiple-step format. Restate each item in the income statements as a percentage of sales. Why did net income remain unchanged when sales increased in 2016?2.12AMCP 2.1DC 2.2DC Analysis of Cash Flow for a Small Business Charles, a financial consultant, has been self-employed for two years. His list of clients has grown, and he is earning a reputation as a shrewd investor. Charles rents a small office, uses the pool secretarial services, and has purchased a car that he is depreciating over three years. The following income statements cover Charless first two years of business: Charles believes that he should earn more than $11,500 for working very hard for two years. He is thinking about going to work for an investment firm where he can earn $40,000 per year. What would you advise Charles to do?2.4DC The Expenditure Approval Process Roberto is the plant superintendent of a small manufacturing company that is owned by a large corporation. The corporation has a policy that any expenditure over $1,000 must be approved by the chief financial officer in the corporate headquarters. The approval process takes a minimum of three weeks. Roberto would like to order a new labeling machine that is expected to reduce costs and pay for itself in six months. The machine costs $2,200, but Roberto can buy the sales reps demo for $1,800. Roberto has asked the sales rep to send two separate bills for $900 each. What would you do if you were the sales rep? Do you agree or disagree with Robertos actions? What do you think about the corporate policy?2.6DC Read each definition below and write the number of the definition in the blank beside the appropriate term. The quiz solutions appear at the end of the chapter. Event External event Internal event Transaction Source document Account Chart of accounts General ledger Debit Credit Double-entry system Journal Posting Journalizing General journal Trial balance A numerical list of all accounts used by a company. A list of each account and its balance; used to prove equality of debits and credits. A happening of consequence to an entity. An entry on the right side of an account. An event occurring entirely within an entity. A piece of paper that is used as evidence to record a transaction. The act of recording journal entries. An entry on the left side of an account. The process of transferring amounts from a journal to the ledger accounts. An event involving interaction between an entity and its environment. A record used to accumulate amounts for each individual asset, liability, revenue, expense, and component of stockholders equity. A book, a file, a hard drive, or another device containing all of the accounts. A chronological record of transactions. Any event that is recognized in a set of financial statements. The journal used in place of a specialized journal. A system of accounting in which every transaction is recorded with equal debits and credits and the accounting equation is kept in balance.Types of Events For each of the following events, identify whether it is an external event that would be recorded as a transaction (E), an internal event that would be recorded as a transaction (I), or not recorded (NR). ________________ 1. A vendor for a companys supplies is paid an amount owed on account. ________________ 2. A customer pays its open account. ________________ 3. A new chief executive officer is hired. ________________ 4. The biweekly payroll is paid. ________________ 5. Depreciation on equipment is recognized. ________________ 6. A new advertising agency is hired to develop a series of newspaper ads for the company. ________________ 7. The advertising bill for the first month is paid. ________________ 8. The accountant determines the federal income taxes owed based on the income for the period.3.2E The Effect of Transactions on the Accounting Equation For each of the following transactions, indicate whether it increases (I), decreases (D), or has no effect (NE) on the total dollar amount of each of the elements of the accounting equation.Types of Transactions There are three elements to the accounting equation: assets, liabilities, and stockholders equity. Although other possibilities exist, five types of transactions are described here. For each of these five types, write descriptions of two transactions that illustrate the type of transaction.Balance Sheet Accounts and Their Use Choose from the following list of account titles the one that most accurately fits the description of that account or is an example of that account. An account title may be used more than once or not at all. Cash Prepaid Asset Investments Taxes Payable Preferred Stock Accounts Receivable Land Accounts Payable Retained Earnings Notes Receivable Buildings Notes Payable Common Stock ____________________ 1. A written obligation to repay a fixed amount, with interest, at some time in the future ____________________ 2. Twenty acres of land held for speculation ____________________ 3. An amount owed by a customer ____________________ 4. Corporate income taxes owed to the federal government ____________________ 5. Ownership in a company that allows the owner to receive dividends before common shareholders receive any distributions ____________________ 6. Five acres of land used as the site for a factory ____________________ 7. Amounts owed on an open account to a vendor, due in 90 days ____________________ 8. A checking account at a bank ____________________ 9. A warehouse used to store equipment ____________________ 10. Claims by the owners on the undistributed net income of a business ____________________ 11. Rent paid on an office building in advance of use of the facility Normal Account Balances Each account has a normal balance. For the following list of accounts, indicate whether the normal balance of each is a debit or a credit.3.7E 3.8E Trial Balance The following list of accounts was taken from the general ledger of Spencer Corporation on December 31. The bookkeeper thought it would be helpful if the accounts were arranged in alphabetical order. Each account contains the balance that is normal for that type of account; for example, Cash normally has a debit balance. Prepare a trial balance as of this date with the accounts arranged in the following order: (1) assets, (2) liabilities, (3) stockholders equity, (4) revenues, (5) expenses, and (6) dividends.Journal Entries Recorded Directly in T Accounts Record each of the following transactions directly in T accounts using the numbers preceding the transactions to identify them in the accounts. Each account needs a separate T account. Received contribution of $6,500 from each of the three principal owners of We-Go Delivery Service in exchange for shares of stock. Purchased office supplies for cash of $130. Purchased a van for $15,000 on an open account. The company has 25 days to pay for the van. Provided delivery services to residential customers for cash of $125. Billed a local business $200 for delivery services. The customer is to pay the bill within 15 days. Paid the amount due on the van. Received the amount due from the local business billed in (5).3.11MCE Determining an Ending Account Balance Jessies Accounting Services was organized on June 1. The company received a contribution of $1,000 from each of the two principal owners. During the month, Jessies Accounting Services provided services for cash of $1,400 and services on account for $450, received $250 from customers in payment of their accounts, purchased supplies on account for $600 and equipment on account for $1,350, received a utility bill for $250 that will not be paid until July, and paid the full amount due on the equipment. Use a T account to determine the companys Cash balance on June 30.Reconstructing a Beginning Account Balance During the month, services performed for customers on account amounted to $7,500 and collections from customers in payment of their accounts totaled $6,000. At the end of the month, the Accounts Receivable account had a balance of $2,500. What was the Accounts Receivable balance at the beginning of the month?Journal Entries Prepare the journal entry to record each of the following independent transactions. (Use the number of the transaction in lieu of a date for identification purposes.) Services provided on account of $1,530 Purchases of supplies on account for $1,365 Services provided for cash of $750 Purchase of equipment for cash of $4,240 Issuance of a promissory note for $2,500 Collections on account for $890 Sale of capital stock in exchange for a parcel of land; the land is appraised at $50,000 Payment of $4,000 in salaries and wages Payment of open account in the amount of $500 Journal Entries Following is a list of transactions entered into during the first month of operations of Gardener Corporation, a new landscape service. Prepare in journal form the entry to record each transaction. April 1: Articles of incorporation are filed with the state, and 100,000 shares of common stock are issued for $100,000 in cash. April 4: A six-month promissory note is signed at the bank. Interest at 9% per annum will be repaid in six months along with the principal amount of the loan of $50,000. April 8: Land and a storage shed are acquired for a lump sum of $80,000. On the basis of an appraisal, 25% of the value is assigned to the land and the remainder to the building. April 10: Mowing equipment is purchased from a supplier at a total cost of $25,000. A down payment of $10,000 is made, with the remainder due by the end of the month. April 18: Customers are billed for services provided during the first half of the month. The total amount billed of $5,500 is due within ten days. April 27: The remaining balance due on the mowing equipment is paid to the supplier. April 28: The total amount of $5,500 due from customers is received. April 30: Customers are billed for services provided during the second half of the month. The total amount billed is $9,850. April 30: Salaries and wages of $4,650 for the month of April are paid.Journal Entries for Vail Resorts Refer to the income statement for Vail Resorts shown in the chapter opener. Using the account titles reported there, prepare the journal entry for each of the following hypothetical transactions. Assume that all transactions include either a debit or a credit to Cash. Fuel for the motors in the ski lifts is purchased for $1,000. A skier purchases a lift ticket for $80. Salaries and wages for hotel staff of $4,000 are paid. A guest pays $150 for one nights lodging.3.17MCE 3.1P Transaction Analysis and Financial Statements Just Rolling Along Inc. was organized on May 1 by two college students who recognized an opportunity to make money while spending their days at a beach along Lake Michigan. The two entrepreneurs plan to rent bicycles and in-line skates to weekend visitors to the lakefront. The following transactions occurred during the first month of operations: May 1: Received contribution of $9,000 from each of the two principal owners of the new business in exchange for shares of stock. May 1: Purchased ten bicycles for $300 each on an open account. The company has 30 days to pay for the bicycles. May 5: Registered as a vendor with the city and paid the $15 monthly fee. May 9: Purchased 20 pairs of in-line skates at $125 per pair, 20 helmets at $50 each, and 20 sets of protective gear (knee and elbow pads and wrist guards) at $45 per set for cash. May 10: Purchased $100 in miscellaneous supplies on account. The company has 30 days to pay for the supplies. May 15: Paid $125 bill from local radio station for advertising for the last two weeks of May. May 17: Customers rented in-line skates and bicycles for cash of $1,800. May 24: Billed the local park district $1,200 for in-line skating lessons provided to neighborhood children. The park district is to pay one-half of the bill within five working days and the rest within 30 days. May 29: Received 50% of the amount billed to the park district. May 30: Customers rented in-line skates and bicycles for cash of $3,000. May 30: Paid wages of $160 to a friend who helped over the weekend. May 31: Paid the balance due on the bicycles. Required Prepare a table to summarize the preceding transactions as they affect the accounting equation. Use the format in Exhibit 3-1. Identify each transaction with the date. Prepare an income statement for the month of May. Prepare a classified balance sheet at May 31. Why do you think the two college students decided to incorporate their business rather than operate it as a partnership?Transaction Analysis and Financial Statements Expert Consulting Services Inc. was organized on March 1 by two former college roommates. The corporation provides computer consulting services to small businesses. The following transactions occurred during the first month of operations: March 2: Received contributions of $20,000 from each of the two principal owners of the new business in exchange for shares of stock. March 7: Signed a two-year promissory note at the bank and received cash of $15,000. Interest, along with the $15,000, will be repaid at the end of the two years. March 12: Purchased $700 in miscellaneous supplies on account. The company has 30 days to pay for the supplies. March 19: Billed a client $4,000 for services rendered by Expert in helping to install a new computer system. The client is to pay 25% of the bill upon its receipt and the remaining balance within 30 days. March 20: Paid $1,300 bill from the local newspaper for advertising for the month of March. March 22: Received 25% of the amount billed to the client on March 19. March 26: Received cash of $2,800 for services provided in assisting a client in selecting software for its computer. March 29: Purchased a computer system for $8,000 in cash. March 30: Paid $3,300 of salaries and wages for March. March 31: Received and paid $1,400 in gas, electric, and water bills. Required Prepare a table to summarize the preceding transactions as they affect the accounting equation. Use the format in Exhibit 3-1. Identify each transaction with the date. Prepare an income statement for the month of March. Prepare a classified balance sheet at March 31. From reading the balance sheet you prepared in part (3), what events would you expect to take place in April? Explain your answer.Transactions Reconstructed from Financial Statements The following financial statements are available for Elm Corporation for its first month of operations: Required Using the format illustrated in Exhibit 3-1, prepare a table to summarize the transactions entered into by Elm Corporation during its first month of business. State any assumptions you believe are necessary in reconstructing the transactions.3.5MCP 3.6MCP Transaction Analysis and Journal Entries Recorded Directly in T Accounts Four brothers organized Beverly Entertainment Enterprises on October 1. The following transactions occurred during the first month of operations: October 1: Received contributions of $10,000 from each of the four principal owners of the new business in exchange for shares of stock. October 2: Purchased the Ace Theater for $125,000. The seller agreed to accept a down payment of $12,500 and a seven-year promissory note for the balance. The Ace property consists of land valued at $35,000, and a building valued at $90,000. October 3: Purchased new seats for the theater at a cost of $5,000, paying $2,500 down and agreeing to pay the remainder in 60 days. October 12: Purchased candy, popcorn, cups, and napkins for $3,700 on an open account. The company has 30 days to pay for the concession supplies. October 13: Sold tickets for the opening-night movie for cash of $1,800 and took in $2,400 at the concession stand. October 17: Rented out the theater to a local community group for $1,500. The community group is to pay one-half of the bill within five working days and has 30 days to pay the remainder. October 23: Received 50% of the amount billed to the community group. October 24: Sold movie tickets for cash of $2,000 and took in $2,800 at the concession stand. October 26: The four brothers, acting on behalf of Beverly Entertainment, paid a dividend of $750 on the shares of stock owned by each of them, or $3,000 in total. October 27: Paid $500 for utilities. October 30: Paid wages and salaries of $2,400 total to the ushers, projectionist, concession stand workers, and maintenance crew. October 31: Sold movie tickets for cash of $1,800 and took in $2,500 at the concession stand. Required Prepare a table to summarize the preceding transactions as they affect the accounting equation. Use the format in Exhibit 3-1. Identify each transaction with a date. Record each transaction directly in T accounts using the dates preceding the transactions to identify them in the accounts. Each account involved in the problem needs a separate T account.3.8MCP Journal Entries Atkins Advertising Agency began business on January 2. The transactions entered into by Atkins during its first month of operations are as follows: Acquired its articles of incorporation from the state and issued 100,000 shares of capital stock in exchange for $200,000 in cash. Purchased an office building for $150,000 in cash. The building is valued at $110,000, and the remainder of the value is assigned to the land. Signed a three-year promissory note at the bank for $125,000. Purchased office equipment at a cost of $50,000, paying $10,000 down and agreeing to pay the remainder in ten days. Paid wages and salaries of $13,000 for the first half of the month. Office employees are paid twice a month. Paid the balance due on the office equipment. Sold $24,000 of advertising during the first month. Customers have until the 15th of the following month to pay their bills. Paid wages and salaries of $15,000 for the second half of the month. Recorded $3,500 in commissions earned by the salespeople during the month. They will be paid on the fifth of the following month. Required Prepare in journal form the entry to record each transaction.3.10MCP The Detection of Errors in a Trial Balance and Preparation of a Corrected Trial Balance Malcolm Inc. was incorporated on January 1 with the issuance of capital stock in return for $90,000 of cash contributed by the owners. The only other transaction entered into prior to beginning operations was the issuance of a $75,300 note payable in exchange for building and equipment. The following trial balance was prepared at the end of the first month by the bookkeeper for Malcolm Inc.: Required Identify the two errors in the trial balance. Ignore depreciation expense and interest expense. Prepare a corrected trial balance.Journal Entries, Trial Balance, and Financial Statements Blue Jay Delivery Service is incorporated on January 2 and enters into the following transactions during its first month of operations: January 2: Filed articles of incorporation with the state and issued 100,000 shares of capital stock. Cash of $100,000 is received from the new owners for the shares. January 3: Purchased a warehouse and land for $80,000 in cash. An appraiser values the land at $20,000 and the warehouse at $60,000. January 4: Signed a three-year promissory note at Third State Bank in the amount of $50,000. January 6: Purchased five new delivery trucks for a total of $45,000 in cash. January 31: Performed services on account that amounted to $15,900 during the month. Cash amounting to $7,490 was received from customers on account during the month. January 31: Established an open account at a local service station at the beginning of the month. Purchases of gas and oil during January amounted to $3,230. Blue Jay has until the 10th of the following month to pay its bill. Required Prepare journal entries on the books of Blue Jay to record the transactions entered into during the month. Prepare a trial balance at January 31. Prepare an income statement for the month of January. Prepare a classified balance sheet at January 31. Assume that you are considering buying stock in this company. Beginning with the transaction to record the purchase of the property on January 3, list any additional information you would like to have about each of the transactions during the remainder of the month.Journal Entries, Trial Balance, and Financial Statements Neveranerror Inc. was organized on June 2 by a group of accountants to provide accounting and tax services to small businesses. The following transactions occurred during the first month of business: June 2: Received contributions of $10,000 from each of the three owners of the business in exchange for shares of stock. June 5: Purchased a computer system for $12,000. The agreement with the vendor requires a down payment of $2,500 with the balance due in 60 days. June 8: Signed a two-year promissory note at the bank and received cash of $20,000. June 15: Billed $12,350 to clients for the first half of June. Clients are billed twice a month for services performed during the month, and the bills are payable within ten days. June 17: Paid a $900 bill from the local newspaper for advertising for the month of June. June 23: Received the amounts billed to clients for services performed during the first half of the month. June 28: Received and paid gas, electric, and water bills. The total amount is $2,700. June 29: Received the landlords bill for $2,200 for rent on the office space that Neveranerror leases. The bill is payable by the 10th of the following month. June 30: Paid salaries and wages for June. The total amount is $5,670. June 30: Billed $18,400 to clients for the second half of June. June 30: Declared and paid dividends in the amount of $6,000. Required Prepare journal entries on the books of Neveranerror Inc. to record the transactions entered into during the month. Ignore depreciation expense and interest expense. Prepare a trial balance at June 30. Prepare the following financial statements: Income statement for the month of June Statement of retained earnings for the month of June Classified balance sheet at June 30 Assume that you have just graduated from college and have been approached to join this company as an accountant. From your reading of the financial statements for the first month, would you consider joining the company? Explain your answer. Limit your answer to financial considerations only.3.1AP 3.2AP 3.3AP Transactions Reconstructed from Financial Statements The following financial statements are available for Oak Corporation for its first month of operations: Required Describe as many transactions as you can that were entered into by Oak Corporation during the first month of business.3.5AMCP Accounts Used to Record Transactions A list of accounts, with an identifying number for each, is provided. Following the list of accounts is a series of transactions entered into by a company during its first year of operations. Required For each transaction, indicate the account or accounts that should be debited and credited. Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Insurance Office Supplies Automobiles Land Accounts Payable Income Taxes Payable Notes Payable Capital Stock Retained Earnings Service Revenue Wage and Salary Expense Utilities Expense Income Tax Expense 3.7AMCP Trial Balance and Financial Statements Refer to the table for Rapid City Roller Rink in part (1) of Problem 3-7A. Required Prepare a trial balance at October 31. Prepare an income statement for the month of October. Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the month of October. Prepare a classified balance sheet at October 31.Journal Entries Castle Consulting Agency began business in February. The transactions entered into by Castle during its first month of operations are as follows: Acquired articles of incorporation from the state and issued 10,000 shares of capital stock in exchange for $150,000 in cash. Paid monthly rent of $400. Signed a five-year promissory note for $100,000 at the bank. Purchased software to be used on future jobs. The software costs $950 and is expected to be used on five to eight jobs over the next two years. Billed customers $12,500 for work performed during the month. Paid office personnel $3,000 for the month of February. Received a utility bill of $100. The total amount is due in 30 days. Required Prepare in journal form, the entry to record each transaction.3.10AMCP Entries Prepared from a Trial Balance and Proof of the Cash Balance Russell Company was incorporated on January 1 with the issuance of capital stock in return for $120,000 of cash contributed by the owners. The only other transaction entered into prior to beginning operations was the issuance of a $50,000 note payable in exchange for equipment and fixtures. The following trial balance was prepared at the end of the first month by the bookkeeper for Russell Company: Required Determine the balance in the Cash account. Identify all of the transactions that affected the Cash account during the month. Use a T account to prove what the balance in Cash will be after all transactions are recorded.Journal Entries Overnight Delivery Inc. is incorporated on February 1 and enters into the following transactions during its first month of operations: February 15: Received $8,000 cash from customer accounts. February 26: Provided $16,800 of services on account during the month. February 27: Received a $3,400 bill from the local service station for gas and oil used during February. February 28: Paid $400 for wages earned by employees for the month. February 28: Paid $3,230 for February advertising. February 28: Declared and paid $2,000 cash dividends to stockholders. Required Prepare journal entries on the books of Overnight to record the transactions entered into during February. Explain why you agree or disagree with the following: The transactions on February 28 all represent expenses for the month of February because cash was paid. The transaction on February 27 does not represent an expense in February because cash has not yet been paid.Journal Entries and a Balance Sheet Krittersbegone Inc. was organized on July 1 by a group of technicians to provide termite inspections and treatment to homeowners and small businesses. The following transactions occurred during the first month of business: July 2: Received contributions of $3,000 from each of the six owners in exchange for shares of stock. July 3: Paid $1,000 rent for the month of July. July 5: Purchased flashlights, tools, spray equipment, and ladders for $18,000, with a down payment of $5,000 and the balance due in 30 days. July 17: Paid a $200 bill for the distribution of door-to-door advertising. July 28: Paid August rent and July utilities to the landlord in the amounts of $1,000 and $450, respectively. July 30: Received $8,000 in cash from homeowners for services performed during the month. In addition, billed $7,500 to other customers for services performed during the month. Billings are due in 30 days. July 30: Paid commissions of $9,500 to the technicians for July. Required Prepare journal entries on the books of Krittersbegone to record the transactions entered into during the month. Ignore depreciation expense. Prepare a classified balance sheet dated July 31. From the balance sheet, what cash inflow and what cash outflow can you predict in the month of August? Who would be interested in the cash flow information? Why?3.1DC 3.2DC 3.3DC 3.4DC 3.5DC 3.6DC 3.7DC Read each definition below and write the number of the definition in the blank beside the appropriate term. The quiz solutions appear at the end of the chapter. Recognition Historical cost Current value Cash basis Accrual basis Revenues Revenue recognition principle Matching principle Expenses Adjusting entries Straight-line method Contra account Deferral Deferred expense Deferred revenue Accrual Accrued liability Accrued asset Accounting cycle Work sheet Real accounts Nominal accounts Closing entries Interim statements A device used at the end of the period to gather the information needed to prepare financial statements without actually recording and posting adjusting entries. Inflows of assets or settlements of liabilities from delivering or producing goods, rendering services, or conducting other activities. Journal entries made at the end of a period by a company using the accrual basis of accounting. Journal entries made at the end of the period to return the balance in all nominal accounts to zero and transfer the net income or loss and the dividends to Retained Earnings. A liability resulting from the receipt of cash before the recognition of revenue. The name given to balance sheet accounts because they are permanent and are not closed at the end of the period. An asset resulting from the recognition of a revenue before the receipt of cash. The amount of cash or its equivalent that could be received by selling an asset currently. The assignment of an equal amount of depreciation to each period. Cash has been paid or received but expense or revenue has not yet been recognized. A system of accounting in which revenues are recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied and expenses are recognized when incurred. Cash has not yet been paid or received but expense has been incurred or revenue recognized. Financial statements prepared monthly, quarterly, or at other intervals less than a year in duration. Revenues are recognized in the income statement when a performance obligation is satisfied. The process of recording an item in the financial statements as an asset, a liability, a revenue, an expense, or the like. An asset resulting from the payment of cash before the incurrence of expense. The name given to revenue, expense, and dividend accounts because they are temporary and are closed at the end of the period. A system of accounting in which revenues are recognized when cash is received and expenses are recognized when cash is paid. A liability resulting from the recognition of an expense before the payment of cash. The association of revenue of a period with all of the costs necessary to generate that revenue. An account with a balance that is opposite that of a related account. The amount paid for an asset and used as a basis for recognizing it on the balance sheet and carrying it on later balance sheets. Outflows of assets or incurrences of liabilities resulting from delivering goods, rendering services, or carrying out other activities. A series of steps performed each period and culminating with the preparation of a set of financial statements.4.1E Comparing the Income Statement and the Statement of Cash Flows On January 1, Campus Internet Connection opened for business across the street from Upper Eastern University. The company charges students a monthly fee of $20 and $1 for each hour they are online. During January, 500 students signed up for the service, and each will have until the fifth of the following month to pay the monthly fee. By the end of January, 200 students had paid the monthly fee. Student usage, payable at the time connected, was 3,000 hours during January. Assume that Campus uses the accrual basis of accounting. Required Prepare the Revenues section of Campuss income statement for the month of January. Prepare the Cash Receipts section of Campuss statement of cash flows for the month of January. In addition to the Cash account, what other account will appear on Campuss balance sheet at the end of January? What amount will be in this account?4.3E Accruals and Deferrals For the following situations, indicate whether each involves a deferred expense (DE), a deferred revenue (DR), an accrued liability (AL), or an accrued asset (AA). Example: DE Office supplies purchased in advance of their use __________ 1. Wages earned by employees but not yet paid __________ 2. Cash collected from subscriptions in advance of publishing a magazine __________ 3. Interest on a customer loan for which principal and interest have not yet been collected __________ 4. One years premium on life insurance policy paid in advance __________ 5. Office building purchased for cash __________ 6. Rent collected in advance from a tenant __________ 7. State income taxes owed at the end of the year __________ 8. Rent owed by a tenant but not yet collected Office Supplies Somerville Corp. purchases office supplies once a month and prepares monthly financial statements. The asset account Office Supplies on Hand has a balance of $1,450 on May 1. Purchases of supplies during May amount to $1,100. Supplies on hand at May 31 amount to $920. Prepare the necessary adjusting entry on Somervilles books on May 31. What will be the effect on net income for May if this entry is not recorded?Prepaid Rentâ€”Quarterly Adjustments On September 1, Northhampton Industries signed a six-month lease for office space, which is effective September 1. Northhampton agreed to prepay the rent and mailed a check for $12,000 to the landlord on September 1. Assume that Northhampton prepares adjusting entries only four times a year: on March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31. Required Compute the rental cost for each full month. Prepare the journal entry to record the payment of rent on September 1. Prepare the adjusting entry on September 30. Assume that the accountant prepares the adjusting entry on September 30 but forgets to record an adjusting entry on December 31. Will net income for the year be understated or overstated? by what amount?4.7E Depreciation On July 1, 2016, Dexter Corp. buys a computer system for $260,000 in cash. Assume that the computer is expected to have a four-year life and an estimated salvage value of $20,000 at the end of that time. Required Prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of the computer on July 1, 2016. Compute the depreciable cost of the computer. Using the straight-line method, compute the monthly depreciation. Prepare the adjusting entry to record depreciation at the end of July 2016. Compute the computers carrying value that will be shown on Dexters balance sheet prepared on December 31, 2016.Working Backward: Depreciation Polk Corp. purchased new store fixtures for $55,000 on January 31, 2014. Polk depreciates assets using the straight-line method and estimated a salvage value for the machine of $5,000. On its December 31, 2016, balance sheet, Polk reported the following: Required What is the yearly amount of depreciation expense for the store fixtures? What is the estimated useful life in years for the store fixtures? Explain your answer.4.10E Subscriptions Horse Country Living publishes a monthly magazine for which a 12-month subscription costs $30. All subscriptions require payment of the full $30 in advance. On August 1, the balance in the Subscriptions Received in Advance account was $40,500. During the month of August, the company sold 900 yearly subscriptions. After the adjusting entry at the end of August, the balance in the Subscriptions Received in Advance account is $60,000. Required Prepare the journal entry to record the sale of the 900 yearly subscriptions during the month of August. Prepare the adjusting journal entry on August 31. Assume that the accountant made the correct entry during August to record the sale of the 900 subscriptions but forgot to make the adjusting entry on August 31. Would net income for August be overstated or understated? Explain your answer.Customer Deposits Wolfe $ Wolfe collected $9,000 from a customer on April 1 and agreed to provide legal services during the next three months. Wolfe $ Wolfe expects to provide an equal amount of services each month. Required Prepare the journal entry for the receipt of the customer deposit on April 1. Prepare the adjusting entry on April 30. What will be the effect on net income for April if the entry in (2) is not recorded?Concert Tickets Sold in Advance Rock N Roll produces an outdoor concert festival that runs from June 28, 2016, through July 1, 2016. Concertgoers pay $80 for a four-day pass to the festival, and all 10,000 tickets are sold out by the May 1, 2016, deadline to buy tickets. Assume that Rock N Roll prepares adjusting entries at the end of each month. Required Prepare the journal entry on May 1, 2016, assuming that all 10,000 tickets are sold on this date. Prepare the adjusting entry on June 30, 2016. Prepare the adjusting entry on July 31, 2016.4.14E Wages Payable Denton Corporation employs 50 workers in its plant. Each employee is paid $10 per hour and works seven hours per day, Monday through Friday. Employees are paid every Friday. The last payday was Friday, September 19. Required Compute the dollar amount of the weekly payroll. Prepare the journal entry on Friday, September 26, for the payment of the weekly payroll. Denton prepares monthly financial statements. Prepare the adjusting journal entry on Tuesday, September 30, the last day of the month. Prepare the journal entry on Friday, October 3, for the payment of the weekly payroll. Will net income for the month of September be understated or overstated if Denton doesnt bother with an adjusting entry on September 30? Explain your answer.4.16E 4.17E Interest Payableâ€”Quarterly Adjustments Glendive takes out a 12%, 90-day, $100,000 loan with Second State Bank on March 1, 2016. Assume that Glendive prepares adjusting entries only four times a year: on March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31. Required Prepare the journal entry on March 1, 2016. Prepare the adjusting entry on March 31, 2016. Prepare the entry on May 30, 2016, when Glendive repays the principal and interest to Second State Bank.4.19E Interest Receivable On June 1, 2016, MicroTel Enterprises lends $60,000 to MaxiDriver Inc. The loan will be repaid in 60 days with interest at 10%. Required Prepare the journal entry on MicroTels books on June 1, 2016. Prepare the adjusting entry on MicroTels books on June 30, 2016. Prepare the entry on MicroTels books on July 31, 2016, when MaxiDriver repays the principal and interest.Rent Receivable Hudson Corp. has extra space in its warehouse and agrees to rent it out to Stillwater Company at the rate of $2,000 per month. The space was made available to Stillwater beginning on September 1. Under the terms of the agreement, Stillwater pays the months rent on the fifth day after the end of the month. Assume that Hudson prepares adjusting entries at the end of each month. Required How much revenue should Hudson record in September? How much revenue should Hudson record in October? Prepare the necessary entries on Hudsons books during the month of October.Working Backward: Rent Receivable Randys Rentals reported the following on its year-end balance sheets: Randys rents space to a number of tenants, all of whom pay their monthly rent on the 10th of the following month. Randys reported rent revenue for 2016 of $64,200. Required How much cash did Randys collect from its tenants during 2016? Explain your answer.The Effect of Ignoring Adjusting Entries on Net Income For each of the following independent situations, determine whether the effect of ignoring the required adjusting entry will result in an understatement (U), will result in an overstatement (O), or will have no effect (NE) on net income for the period.The Effect of Adjusting Entries on the Accounting Equation Determine whether recording each of the following adjusting entries will increase (I), decrease (D), or have no effect (NE) on each of the three elements of the accounting equation.Reconstruction of Adjusting Entries from Unadjusted and Adjusted Trial Balances Following are the unadjusted and adjusted trial balances for Power Corp. on May 31: Required Reconstruct the adjusting entries that were made on Powers books at the end of May. By how much would Powers net income for May have been overstated or understated (indicate which) if these adjusting entries had not been recorded?The Accounting Cycle The steps in the accounting cycle are listed in random order. Fill in the blank next to each step to indicate its order in the cycle. The first step in the cycle is filled in as an example.Trial Balance The following account titles, arranged in alphabetical order, are from the records of Hadley Realty Corporation. The balance in each account is the normal balance for that account. The balances are as of December 31, after adjusting entries have been made. Prepare an adjusted trial balance, listing the accounts in the following order: (1) assets; (2) liabilities; (3) stockholders equity accounts, including dividends; (4) revenues; and (5) expenses.4.28E Preparation of a Statement of Retained Earnings from Closing Entries Fisher Corporation reported a Retained Earnings balance of $125,780 on January 1, 2016. Fisher Corporation made the following three closing entries on December 31, 2016. (The entry to transfer net income to Retained Earnings was intentionally omitted.) Prepare a statement of retained earnings for Fisher for the year.Reconstruction of Closing Entries The following T accounts summarize entries made to selected general ledger accounts of Cooper $ Company. Certain entries, dated December 31, are closing entries. Prepare the closing entries that were made on December 31.Closing Entries for Nordstrom The following accounts appear on Nordstroms 2013 financial statements as reported in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2014. The accounts are listed in alphabetical order, and the balance in each account is the normal balance for that account. All amounts are in millions of dollars. Prepare closing entries for Nordstrom for 2013.4.32E 4.33E 4.34E Revenue Recognition, Cash and Accrual Bases Hathaway Health Club sold three-year memberships at a reduced rate during its opening promotion. It sold 1,000 three-year nonrefundable memberships for $366 each. The club expects to sell 100 additional three-year memberships for $900 each over each of the next two years. Membership fees are paid when clients sign up. The clubs bookkeeper has prepared the following income statement for the first year of business and projected income statements for Years 2 and 3. Cash-basis income statements: Required Convert the income statements for each of the three years to the accrual basis. Describe how the revenue recognition principle applies. Do you believe that the cash-basis or the accrual-basis income statements are more useful to management? to investors? Why?Depreciation Expense During 2016, Carter Company acquired three assets with the following costs, estimated useful lives, and estimated salvage values: The company uses the straight-line method to depreciate all assets and computes depreciation to the nearest month. For example, the computer system will be depreciated for six months in 2016. Required Compute the depreciation expense that Carter will record on each of the three assets for 2016. Comment on the following statement: Accountants could save time and money by simply expensing the cost of long-term assets when they are purchased. In addition, this would be more accurate because depreciation requires estimates of useful life and salvage value.4.37MCE Adjusting Entries Kretz Corporation prepares monthly financial statements and therefore adjusts its accounts at the end of every month. The following information is available for March 2016: Kretz Corporation takes out a 90-day, 8%, $15,000 note on March 1, 2016, with interest and principal to be paid at maturity. The asset account Office Supplies on Hand has a balance of $1,280 on March 1, 2016. During March, Kretz adds $750 to the account for purchases during the period. A count of the supplies on hand at the end of March indicates a balance of $1,370. The company purchased office equipment last year for $62,600. The equipment has an estimated useful life of six years and an estimated salvage value of $5,000. The companys plant operates seven days per week with a daily payroll of $950. Wage earners are paid every Sunday. The last day of the month is Thursday, March 31. The company rented an idle warehouse to a neighboring business on February 1, 2016, at a rate of $2,500 per month. On this date, Kretz Corporation credited Rent Collected in Advance for six months rent received in advance. On March 1, 2016, Kretz Corporation credited a liability account, Customer Deposits, for $4,800. This sum represents an amount that a customer paid in advance and that Kretz will earn evenly over a four-month period. Based on its income for the month, Kretz Corporation estimates that federal income taxes for March amount to $3,900. Required For each of the preceding situations, prepare in general journal form the appropriate adjusting entry to be recorded on March 31, 2016.4.2P 4.3P Recurring and Adjusting Entries Following are Butler Realty Corporations accounts, identified by number. The company has been in the real estate business for ten years and prepares financial statements monthly. Following the list of accounts is a series of transactions entered into by Butler. For each transaction, enter the number(s) of the account(s) to be debited and credited.4.5P 4.6P 4.7P 4.8P 4.9P 4.10P 4.1IP 4.2AP 4.3AP 4.7AP 4.9AP 4.10AP 4.11MCP 4.12MCP 4.13MCP 4.11AMCP 4.12AMCP 4.13AMCP 4.1AP 4.4AP 4.5AP 4.6AP 4.8AP 4.1DC 4.2DC 4.3DC 4.4DC Depreciation Jensen Inc., a graphic arts studio, is considering the purchase of computer equipment and software for a total cost of $18,000. Jensen can pay for the equipment and software over three years at the rate of $6,000 per year. The equipment is expected to last 10 to 20 years, but because of changing technology, Jensen believes it may need to replace the system in as soon as three to five years. A three-year lease of similar equipment and software is available for $6,000 per year. Jensens accountant has asked you to recommend whether the company should purchase or lease the equipment and software and to suggest the length of time over which to depreciate the software and equipment if the company makes the purchase. Required Ignoring the effect of taxes, would you recommend the purchase or the lease? Why or why not? Referring to the definition of depreciation, what appropriate useful life should be used for the equipment and software?4.6DC 4.7DC Merchandise Accounting Merchandise Inventory Raw materials Work in process Finished goods Gross profit Net sales Sales revenue Cost of goods available for sale Cost of goods sold Perpetual system Periodic system Transportation-In Purchases FOB destination point FOB shipping point Gross profit ratio An adjunct account used to record freight costs paid by the buyer. A system in which the Inventory account is increased at the time of each purchase and decreased at the time of each sale. Terms that require the seller to pay for the cost of shipping the merchandise to the buyer. Terms that require the buyer to pay for the shipping costs. A system in which the Inventory account is updated only at the end of the period. Beginning inventory plus cost of goods purchased. An account used in a periodic inventory system to record acquisitions of merchandise. Sales revenue less sales returns and allowances and sales discounts. Cost of goods available for sale minus ending inventory. Gross profit divided by net sales. Net sales less cost of goods sold. The cost of unfinished products in a manufacturing company. The account wholesalers and retailers use to report inventory held for sale. The inventory of a manufacturer before the addition of any direct labor or manufacturing overhead. A manufacturers inventory that is complete and ready for sale. A representation of the inflow of assets from the sale of a product.Inventory Valuation Specific identification method Weighted average cost method FIFO method LIFO method LIFO liquidation LIFO conformity rule LIFO reserve Replacement cost Inventory profit Lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) rule Inventory turnover ratio Number of days sales in inventory Moving average (Appendix) The name given to an average cost method when a weighted average cost assumption is used with a perpetual inventory system. An inventory costing method that assigns the same unit cost to all units available for sale during the period. A conservative inventory valuation approach that is an attempt to anticipate declines in the value of inventory before its actual sale. An inventory costing method that assigns the most recent costs to ending inventory. The current cost of a unit of inventory. An inventory costing method that assigns the most recent costs to cost of goods sold. A measure of how long it takes to sell inventory. The IRS requirement that when LIFO is used on a tax return, it must also be used in reporting income to stockholders. An inventory costing method that relies on matching unit costs with the actual units sold. The portion of the gross profit that results from holding inventory during a period of rising prices. The result of selling more units than are purchased during the period, which can have negative tax consequences if a company is using LIFO. The excess of the value of a companys inventory stated at FIFO over the value stated at LIFO. A measure of the number of times inventory is sold during the period.5.1E Inventoriable Costs During the first month of operations, ABC Company incurred the following costs in ordering and receiving merchandise for resale. No inventory was sold. Required What amount do you recommend the company record as merchandise inventory on its balance sheet? Explain your answer. For any items not to be included in inventory, indicate their appropriate treatment in the financial statements.Perpetual and Periodic Inventory Systems Following is a partial list of account balances for two different merchandising companies. The amounts in the accounts represent the balances at the end of the year before any adjustments are made or the books are closed. Required Identify which inventory system, perpetual or periodic, each of the two companies uses. Explain how you know which systemeach company uses by looking at the types of accounts on its books. How much inventory should Company A have on hand at the end of the year? What is its cost of goods sold for the year? Explain why you cannot determine Company Bs cost of goods sold for the year from the information available.5.4E Missing Amounts in Cost of Goods Sold Model For each of the following independent cases, fill in the missing amounts.Purchase Discounts For each of the following transactions of Buckeye Corporation, prepare the appropriate journal entry. (All purchases on credit are made with terms of 1/10, n/30, and Buckeye uses the periodic system of inventory.) July 3: Purchased merchandise on credit from Wildcat Corp. for $3,500. July 12: Paid amount owed to Wildcat Corp.5.7E 5.8E Working Backward: Gross Profit Ratio Acmes gross profit ratio increased by 20% over the prior year. Net sales and cost of goods sold for the prior year were $120,000 and $90,000, respectively. Cost of goods sold for the current year is $140,000. Required Determine the amount of Acmes sales for the current year.5.10E Inventory Costing Methods VanderMeer Inc. reported the following information for the month of February: During February, VanderMeer sold 140 units. The company uses a periodic inventory system. Required What is the value of ending inventory and cost of goods sold for February under the following assumptions: Of the 140 units sold, 55 cost $20, 35 cost $22, 45 cost $23, and 5 cost $24. FIFO LIFO Weighted average 5.12E 5.13E 5.14E 5.15E 5.16E 5.17E 5.18E 5.19E 5.20MCE 5.21MCE Cost of Goods Sold, FIFO, and LIFO Kramer began operations early in 2016 and made the following purchases: Kramer used the FIFO method to value its inventory and reported cost of goods sold expense for the year of $4,000. Required Determine the cost of goods sold expense assuming Kramer had used the LIFO method instead of the FIFO method.5.23MCE 5.24MCE 5.25MCE 5.26MCE 5.27MCE 5.1P 5.2P 5.3P 5.4P 5.5P 5.6P 5.7MCP 5.8MCP 5.9MCP Comparison of Inventory Costing Methodsâ€”Periodic System Bitten Companys inventory records show 600 units on hand on October 1 with a unit cost of $5 each. The following transactions occurred during the month of October: All expenses other than cost of goods sold amount to $3,000 for the month. The company uses an estimated tax rate of 30% to accrue monthly income taxes. Required Prepare a chart comparing cost of goods sold and ending inventory using the periodic system and the following costing methods: What does the Total column represent? Prepare income statements for each of the three methods. Will the company pay more or less tax if it uses FIFO rather than LIFO? How much more or less?5.11MCP 5.12MCP 5.13MCP 5.14MCP 5.1AP 5.2AP 5.3AP 5.4AP 5.5AP 5.6AP 5.7AMCP 5.8AMCP 5.9AMCP 5.10AMCP 5.11AMCP 5.12AMCP 5.13AMCP 5.14AMCP Comparing Two Companies in the Same Industry: Chipotle and Panera Bread Refer to the financial information for Chipotle and Panera Bread reproduced at the end of this book and answer the following questions: Required What is the dollar amount of inventories that each company reports on its balance sheet at the end of the most recent year? What percentage of total assets do inventories represent for each company? What does this tell you about the nature of their business? Refer to Note 1 in Chipotles annual report. What inventory valuation method does the company use? Refer to Note 2 in Panera Breads annual report. What inventory valuation method does the company use? How do both companies deal with situations in which the market value of inventory is less than its cost? Given the nature of their businesses, which inventory system, periodic or perpetual, would you expect both Chipotle and Panera Bread to use? Explain your answer.5.2DC 5.3DC 5.4DC 5.5DC 5.6DC 5.7DC 5.8DC 5.9DC 5.10DC 6.1KTQ 6.1E 6.2E 6.3E 6.4E 6.5E 6.6E 6.7E 6.8E 6.9MCE 6.1P 6.2P 6.3P 6.4MCP 6.5MCP 6.1AP 6.2AP 6.3AP 6.4AMCP 6.5AMCP 6.1DC 6.2DC 6.3DC

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