Chapter 1, Problem 11RQ

Program Plan Intro

Information Security:

The securing process of the confidential data in a system or an organization from the unauthorized users like hackers or attacker is known as information security.

Top-down Approach:

• Top-down approach is the division of system into sub systems which are done to gain the information effectively.
• In this, every first level sub system will have more authority than its next level sub system.
• Though the top level system and bottom level sub systems are not connected directly but they will have the contact through the other middle level sub systems.

Bottom-up Approach:

• Bottom-up approach is the centralization of sub systems to a single system in order to maintain the data potently.
• In this, every low level sub system will have more authority than it’s above level sub system.
• Both the bottom and top level sub systems are connected indirectly through the middle level subsystems.