ORGANIC CHEMISTRY W/CONNECT PKG
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY W/CONNECT PKG
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260901269
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.1P

While the most common isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 14 (nitrogen- 14 ), a radioactive isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 13 (nitrogen- 13 ). Nitrogen- 13 is used in PET (positron emission tomography) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose dementia. For each isotope, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of neutrons; (c) the number of electrons in the neutral atom; (d) the group number; and (e) the number of valence electrons.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Massnumber=Number ofprotons+Number ofneutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+Number ofneutronsNumber ofneutrons=137=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+NumberofneutronsNumber ofneutrons=147=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1to8 or Roman (ItoVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.

Conclusion

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

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Chapter 1 Solutions

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY W/CONNECT PKG

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.11PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13PCh. 1 - Draw a second resonance structure for each species...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.15PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.18PCh. 1 - Using the principles of VSEPR theory, you can...Ch. 1 - Convert each condensed formula to a Lewis...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.21PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.22PCh. 1 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 1 - What is the molecular formula of quinine, the...Ch. 1 - Draw in all hydrogens and lone pairs on the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.26PCh. 1 - What orbitals are used to form each of the CC, and...Ch. 1 - What orbitals are used to form each bond in the...Ch. 1 - Determine the hybridization around the highlighted...Ch. 1 - The unmistakable odor of a freshly cut cucumber is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.31PCh. 1 - Rank the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.33PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.34PCh. 1 - Provide the following information about...Ch. 1 - Use the ball-and-stick model to answer each...Ch. 1 - Citric acid is responsible for the tartness of...Ch. 1 - Zingerone gives ginger its pungent taste. a.What...Ch. 1 - Assign formal charges to each carbon atom in the...Ch. 1 - Assign formal charges to each and atom in the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.41PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.42PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.43PCh. 1 - Draw all possible isomers for each molecular...Ch. 1 - 1.45 Draw Lewis structures for the nine isomers...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.46PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.47PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.48PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.49PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.50PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.51PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.52PCh. 1 - Consider compounds A-D, which contain both a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.54PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.55PCh. 1 - 1.56 Consider the compounds and ions with curved...Ch. 1 - 1.57 Predict all bond angles in each...Ch. 1 - 1.58 Predict the geometry around each highlighted...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.59PCh. 1 - Draw in all the carbon and hydrogen atoms in each...Ch. 1 - 1.61 Convert each molecule into a skeletal...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.62PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.63PCh. 1 - Predict the hybridization and geometry around each...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.65PCh. 1 - Ketene, , is an unusual organic molecule that has...Ch. 1 - Rank the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.68PCh. 1 - Two useful organic compounds that contain Cl atoms...Ch. 1 - Use the symbols + and to indicate the polarity of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.71PCh. 1 - Anacin is an over-the-counter pain reliever that...Ch. 1 - Answer the following questions about acetonitrile...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.74PCh. 1 - 1.75 The principles of this chapter can be...Ch. 1 - a. What is the hybridization of each N atom in...Ch. 1 - 1.77 Stalevo is the trade name for a medication...Ch. 1 - 1.78 and are two highly reactive carbon...Ch. 1 - 1.79 The N atom in (acetamide) is hybridized,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.80PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.81PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.82PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.83PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.84PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.85P
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