Guilt in decision making. The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on the problem was investigated in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (January 2007). A total of 171 volunteer students participated in the experiment, where each was randomly assigned to one of three emotional states (guilt, anger, or neutral) through a reading/writing task. Immediately after the task, the students were presented with a decision problem (e.g., whether or not to spend money on repairing a very old car). The researchers found that a higher proportion of students in the guilty-state group chose to repair the car than those in the neutral-state and anger-state groups.
- a. Identify the population, sample, and variables measured for this study.
- b. Identify the data-collection method used.
- c. What inference was made by the researcher?
- d. In later chapters you will learn that the reliability of an inference is related to the
size of the sample used. In addition to sample size, what factors might affect the reliability of the inference drawn in this study?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
MyLab Statistics for Business Stats with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Statistics for Business and Economics
- Jachuck et al. (1982) report on a drug designed to reduce hypertension (high blood pressure). Such hypotensive drugs are frequently effective but are also linked to side effects like irritability and a decline in energy. Seventy-five patients with mild hypertension were put on hypotensive drugs and their progress was monitored by doctors and spouses. When asked to rate the treated patients as improved, worse, or unchanged, the doctors rated all 75 patients as "improved." Meanwhile, the spouses rated 74 of the 75 patients as "worse." Why might spouses and doctors differ in their opinion about the effect of going on blood pressure medication?arrow_forwardThe results of Crum and Langer's hotel experiment: Select one: a. were contradicted by the results of correlational research based on a student survey about health, diet, and exercise and personality measures. b. were discounted because the evidence was purely correlational. c. had little impact because the statistical analysis was flawed. d. provided additional support for the idea that people's beliefs and expectations can have a powerful influence.arrow_forwardResearchers conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between dietary supplements and cognitive ability among children. A total of 500 children age 12-17 years who take an omega-3 fatty acid supplement are compared with 500 children age 12-17 years who do not take an omega-3 fatty acid supplement. Researchers follow the children for 2 years. During this time, 300 children who take the supplement earn what is classified as a “high” score on a cognitive test while 200 children who do not take the supplement earn what is classified as a “high” score on the same cognitive test. Show calculations. a) Construct a 2x2 table from the information presented above b) The risk difference is:arrow_forward
- CASE STUDY: #2 In August 2000, a young woman from Gozo, an island south of Italy, discovered that she was carrying conjoined twins. Knowing that health-care facilities on Gozo were inadequate to deal with the complications of such a birth, she and her husband went to St. Mary’s Hospital in Manchester, England, to have the babies delivered. The infants, known as Mary and Jodie, were joined at the lower abdomen. Their spines were fused, and they had one heart and one pair of lungs between them. Jodie, the stronger one, was providing blood for her sister. No one knows how many sets of conjoined twins are born each year, but the number has been estimated at 200. Most die shortly after birth, but some conjoined twins do well. They grow to adulthood and marry and have children themselves. But the outlook for Mary and Jodie was grim. The doctors said that without intervention the girls would die within six months. The only hope was an operation to separate them. This would save Jodie, but…arrow_forwardWhen I took the PRCA my scores were much high than the other two tests and I know that this test is essentially showing what my communication apprehension is like and I think that the reason that this test is much lower scored than all the others is because im just not really a communicative person. I do tend to find it at times hard to work with people and many times I would just much rather be tasked with doing something myself so I can get it done my way and I feel like that is just much more of an effective way for me to work on something. And knowing that I am already this way with people that are from a similar background with me then I am more inclined to not work well with people who are more different than that. I'm not unable to work with people I just prefer to work alone. And I had once worked with someone from a different cultural background and It just wasn't for me because I couldn't really understand them through their accent very well and it would frustrate me because…arrow_forwardA company is considering an organizational change which entails adopting the use of self-managed work teams which they hope will lead to higher levels of employee satisfaction. In order to assess the attitudes of employees of the company towards this change a sample of 250 employees was selected and asked whether they favor the institution of self-managed teams. Three responses were allowed: favor, neutral or oppose. The observed frequency of the results of the survey are shown below: Opinion Type of Job Favor Neutral Oppose Total Hourly Worker 25 40 35 100 Supervision 45 35 20 100 Manager 20 15 15 50 Total 90 90 70 250 Use this data to test the hypothesis that opinion and type of job are independent at the .025 level.arrow_forward
- The manager of a men’s clothing catalog measured the market’s response to a $6 decrease in the usual price of his company’s oxford shirts by conducting a sales experiment. An A-B split was used to divide the company’s 120,000-customer mailing list into two groups. Customers in the control group were sent catalogs listing oxford shirts at their usual price of $40. Customers in the test group were sent catalogs listing the price of oxford shirts at $32.80. During the period of the test, customers in the control group purchased 700 oxford shirts, and customers in the test group purchased 889 oxford shirts. What is the independent variable in this sales experiment? What is the dependent variable in this sales experiment? What is the percent change in price in this experiment? What is price elasticity indicated by the results of this experiment.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion Q1. In the simplest type of experiment, only a value of the independent variable is administered to the control group. Select one: True or Falsearrow_forwardStates (and provinces) that have control over taxation sometimes reduce taxes in an attempt to spur economic growth. Suppose that you are hired by a state to estimate the effect of corporate tax rates on, say, the growth in per capita gross state product (GSP).(i) What kind of data would you need to collect to undertake a statistical analysis?(ii) Is it feasible to do a controlled experiment? What would be required?(iii) Is a correlation analysis between GSP growth and tax rates likely to be convincing? Explain.arrow_forward
- An experiment consists of asking 3 women at random if they wash their dishes with brand X detergent. List the elements of S corresponding to event E that at least 2 of the women use brand Xarrow_forwardOne of the oldest principles of marketing is that sellers may sell features, but buyers essentially buy benefits. This is a distinction sometimes lost on technology ledorganizations, and the service sector is no exception. Recent experience of the UK’s largest telecommunications company, Della’s, illustrates how crucial it is to see service offers in terms of the benefits they bring to customers. The company was aware of extensive research which had found high levels of confusion among purchasers of mobile phones, with a seemingly infinite permutation of features and prices. With four main networks to choose from, dozens of tariffs and hundreds of handsets, it is easy to see why buyers sought a way of simplifying their buying process. Throughout the 1990s, Della’s had positioned its UK network as superior technically to its competitors. Advertising focused on high coverage rates and call reliability.Della’s was the UK's most popular mobile phone operator, with almost eight million…arrow_forwardquestion1-3arrow_forward