ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260107333
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P

Assign formal charges to each N and O atom in the given molecules. All lone pairs have been drawn in.

a. Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P, Assign formal charges to each  and  atom in the given molecules. All lone pairs have been drawn , example  1 b. Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P, Assign formal charges to each  and  atom in the given molecules. All lone pairs have been drawn , example  2 c. Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P, Assign formal charges to each  and  atom in the given molecules. All lone pairs have been drawn , example  3 d. Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P, Assign formal charges to each  and  atom in the given molecules. All lone pairs have been drawn , example  4

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The formal charge to each N and O atom in the given molecule is to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

Answer to Problem 1.40P

In the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom is 1 as shown below.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  1

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is,

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  2

Figure 1

The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

For the nitrogen atom,

Numberofvalenceelectrons=5Numberofbondingelectrons=4Numberofnonbondingelectrons=4

Substitute these values in above equation to calculate the formal charge on nitrogen atom.

Formal charge=5[4+12×4]=56=1

Thus, in the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom is 1 as shown below.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  3

Figure 2

Conclusion

In the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom is 1.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The formal charge to each N and O atom in the given molecules is to be assigned.

Concept introduction: The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

Answer to Problem 1.40P

The formal charge to each N atom in the given molecule is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  4

Explanation of Solution

The given molecule is,

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  5

Figure 3

Here, a, b, and c are used to indicate nitrogen atoms.

The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

For the nitrogen atom, N(a).

Numberofvalenceelectrons=5Numberofbondingelectrons=4Numberofnonbondingelectrons=4

Substitute these values in the above equation to calculate the formal charge on N(a).

Formal charge=5[4+12×4]=56=1

In the given molecule, bond pairs and lone pairs in N(a) is same as in N(c).

Thus, the formal charge on N(a) and N(c) is 1.

For the nitrogen atom, N(b).

Numberofvalenceelectrons=5Numberofbondingelectrons=8Numberofnonbondingelectrons=0

Substitute these values in the above equation to calculate the formal charge on N(b).

Formal charge=5[0+12×8]=54=+1

Thus, the formal charge on N(b) is +1.

Hence, the formal charge to each N atom in the given molecule is,

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  6

Figure 4

Conclusion

In the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom of both a and c is 1, and the formal charge on nitrogen atom of b is +1.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The formal charge to each N and O atom in the given molecules is to be assigned.

Concept introduction: The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

Answer to Problem 1.40P

In the given molecule, the formal charge on oxygen atom is +1 as shown below.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  7

Explanation of Solution

The given species is,

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  8

Figure 5

The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

For the oxygen atom,

Numberofvalenceelectrons=6Numberofbondingelectrons=6Numberofnonbondingelectrons=2

Substitute these values in above equation, to calculate the formal charge on oxygen atom.

Formal charge=6[2+12×6]=65=+1

Thus, in the given molecule, the formal charge on oxygen atom is +1 as shown below.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  9

Figure 6

Conclusion

In the given molecule, the formal charge on oxygen atom is +1.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The formal charge to each N and O atom in the given molecules is to be assigned.

Concept introduction: The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

Answer to Problem 1.40P

In the given molecule, the formal charge on both nitrogen and oxygen atom is zero as shown below.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  10

Explanation of Solution

The given species is,

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  11

Figure 7

The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,

Formal charge=Valence electrons[Nonbonding electrons+12(Bonding electrons)]

For the oxygen atom,

Numberofvalenceelectrons=6Numberofbondingelectrons=4Numberofnonbondingelectrons=4

Substitute these values in above equation, to calculate the formal charge on oxygen atom.

Formal charge=6[4+12×4]=66=0

For the nitrogen atom,

Numberofvalenceelectrons=5Numberofbondingelectrons=6Numberofnonbondingelectrons=2

Substitute these values in above equation, to calculate the formal charge on nitrogen atom.

Formal charge=5[2+12×6]=55=0

Thus, in the given molecule, the formal charge on both nitrogen and oxygen is zero as shown below.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK, Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P , additional homework tip  12

Figure 8

Conclusion

In the given molecule, the formal charge on both nitrogen and oxygen is zero.

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Chapter 1 Solutions

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STD. GDE W/CONNECT PK

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