Consider a carton of milk that is refrigerated at a temperature of
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Pressure cookers, in general, maintain a gage pressure of 2 atm (or 3 atm absolute) inside. Therefore, pressure cookers cook at a temperature of about 133°C instead of 100°C, cutting the cooking time by as much as 70 percent while minimizing the loss of nutrients. The newer pressure cookers use a spring valve with several pressure settings rather than a weight on the cover. A certain pressure cooker has a volume of 6 L and an operating pressure of 75 kPa gage. Initially, it contains 1 kg of water. Heat is supplied to the pressure cooker at a rate of 500 W for 30 min after the operating pressure is reached. Assuming an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa, determine the amount of water left in the pressure cooker at the end of the process.arrow_forwardWhile the electric current (i) passes through the circuit part in the figure, the power consumed in the resistor of R1=5Ω is 20 Watt. Accordingly, if it is immersed in 100 ml of distilled water at 22°C in an insulated glass with a resistance of R2=7Ω, after how many minutes will the temperature of the water rise to 25°C?arrow_forwardA thermometer is being designed for a process in which the temperature varies from 0 to 180 °C; from experience it is known that the process temperature, when it gets out of control, reaches up to 240 ° C. Considering that only the bulb is in contact with the part inside the equipment, what should be the volume of the safety vial? It is known that the bulb has a length of 1.2 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm; the capillary has a length of 20 cm and the scale of the thermometer is -10 to 190 ° C. Consider that the coefficient of volumetric expansion for mercury is 1.82×10−4 ° C− 1arrow_forward
- The jet plane is flying upward such that its wings make an angle of attack of 15∘∘ with the horizontal. The plane is traveling at V� = 750 m/sm/s , in air having a temperature of 8∘C∘C and absolute pressure of 95 kPakPa . The leading edge of the wing has an angle of 8∘∘. (Figure 1) Determine the pressure of the air just in front or to the right of the expansion waves. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Determine the temperature of the air just in front or to the right of the expansion waves. Express your answer using three significant figures.arrow_forwardA 3-meter high room is heated through a vertical steam pipe. If the bulk temperature of steam in the room was 25 degrees Celsius when the steam in the pipe is 98 degrees Celsius. Determine the minimum dimension of the pipe that could generate a power of 725 Watts if the pipe is (a) square and (b) circular.arrow_forwardWater is flowing in a 90ο pipe with uniform cross section area of A=0.0083 m2. The velocity along the horizontal direction is v1=6.0 m/s. The pressure at the section 1 is p1=500kPa. Elevation difference and energy losses can be neglected. The density of water is ρ=1000kg/m3. An external force is needed to hold the pipe in equilibrium. (1) Select the correct expression of the external force component in the horizontal direction Rx_________ A. B. C. D.arrow_forward
- Which spring, the truncated cone spring or the helical spring, would have a larger spring constant? Explain.arrow_forwardWhen electric current passes through the circuit part in the figure, the power consumed in the resistor of R1=5Ω is 20Watt. Accordingly, if it is immersed in 100 ml of distilled water at 22C in an insulated glass with a resistance of R2=7Ω, after a few minutes the temperature of the water will rise to 25C.arrow_forward1. Most bridges contain interlocking steel grates (α steel = 1.2 x 10 - 5 ºC -1 ) that allow the bridge toexpand and contract with the changes in temperature. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco isabout 1350 meters long.(A) The seasonal temperature variation in San Francisco ranges from about 0ºC to 30ºC. Howmuch will the bridge expand between these two extremes?(B) What percent of the length of a subcompact automobile, 2.5 meters, does this gaprepresent?2. Selena has a fire in her fireplace to warm her 20ºC apartment. She realizes that she hasaccidentally left the iron poker (α iron = 1.2 x 10 -5 ºC -1 ) in the fire. How hot is the fire if the 0.60-meter poker lengthens 0.30 cm?3. Just before midnight, when the air temperature of 10.0ºC, Karl stops and fills the 0.0600 m 3 gastank in his car. At noon the next day, when the temperature has risen to 32ºC, Karl finds a puddle ofgasoline (βgas = 3 x 10 -4 ºC -1 ) beneath his car.(A) How much gasoline spilled out of Karl's car?…arrow_forward
- Water is flowing in a 90ο pipe with uniform cross section area of A=0.0083 m2. The velocity along the horizontal direction is v1=6.0 m/s. The pressure at the section 1 is p1=500kPa. Elevation difference and energy losses can be neglected. The density of water is ρ=1000kg/m3. An external force is needed to hold the pipe in equilibrium. (2) Select the correct expression of the external force component in the vertical direction Ry_________ A. B. C. D.arrow_forwardWhen the submarine is on the surface, its ballast tanks are filled with air. As the submarine dives, the ballast tanks are flooded with water and the air in the ballast tanks is vented from the submarine. The submarine descends from sea level and holds at a constant depth of 3,500m. Background Information Submarine Volume is 450 m3 Mass (excluding weight in ballast tank) is 400 tons Outer haul Mass is 40 tons Thickness is 15 cm Exterior surface area is 200 m2 Specific heat capacity is 420 J/kg/K Latent heat of fusion is 250 kJ/kg Temperature at surface (depth of 0 m) is 25°C depth of 3,500 m internal of the outer haul (next to ballast tank) is 10 30°C (Refer to diagram) external of the outer haul is 10°C (Refer to diagram) Thermal conductivity is 80 kW/m/K Emissivity of 0.9 Ballast Tank at a depth of 3,500 m Temperature at is 30°C Seawater Specific gravity of 1.05 Surrounding temperature at a depth of 3,500 m is 4°C Convective heat transfer coefficient for free…arrow_forwardWhen the submarine is on the surface, its ballast tanks are filled with air. As the submarine dives, the ballast tanks are flooded with water and the air in the ballast tanks is vented from the submarine. The submarine descends from sea level and holds at a constant depth of 3,500m. Background Information Submarine Volume is 450 m3 Mass (excluding weight in ballast tank) is 400 tons Outer haul Mass is 40 tons Thickness is 15 cm Exterior surface area is 200 m2 Specific heat capacity is 420 J/kg/K Latent heat of fusion is 250 kJ/kg Temperature at surface (depth of 0 m) is 25°C depth of 3,500 m internal of the outer haul (next to ballast tank) is 10 30°C (Refer to diagram) external of the outer haul is 10°C (Refer to diagram) Thermal conductivity is 80 kW/m/K Emissivity of 0.9 Ballast Tank at a depth of 3,500 m Temperature at is 30°C Seawater Specific gravity of 1.05 Surrounding temperature at a depth of 3,500 m is 4°C Convective heat transfer coefficient for free…arrow_forward
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