Chapter 1, Problem 18A

Summary Introduction

Introduction : Biologists follow the same basic steps to do research and answer queries. These are called scientific methods. They conduct experiments, collect data, make hypothesis and gather evidences. They make inferences based on prior experiences. Controlled experiments involve a control group and an experimental group.

Answer to Problem 18A

Correct answer :

The correct answer is option A Quantitative data

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer :

A. Quantitative data- The data that is collected as numbers are called quantitative data. Here the data “the frog is 4cm long” is information in numbers. Hence, this is correct option.

Explanation for incorrect answer :

1. Control group- It includes a group that is used for comparison without any variable or factor. Here the statement “the frog is 4cm long” is just an information/data and does not form any control group. Hence, this option is incorrect.
2. Inference- Scientists ask questions and process information from a variety of reliable sources. After processing information they make logical conclusions. This process is called making inferences. The information that “the frog is 4cm long” is not an inference but just a quantitative data. Hence, this option is incorrect.
3. Qualitative data- These include descriptions that our senses can detect. These are interpreted differently by different people because everyone does not sense things in the same way. The information that “the frog is 4cm long” is a quantitative data. Hence, this option is incorrect.