MindTap Biology, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card for Starr/Taggart/Evers/Starr's Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
MindTap Biology, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card for Starr/Taggart/Evers/Starr's Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305269842
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA

Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control groups used in the peacock butterfly experiment discussed in Section 1.6. See if you can identify the experimental groups and match them up with the relevant control group(s). Hint: Identify which variable is being tested in each group (each variable has a control).

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  1

A Wing spots painted out

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  2

B Wing spots visible; wings silenced

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  3

C Wing spots painted out; wings silenced

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  4

D Wings painted but spots visible

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  5

E Wings cut but not silenced

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  6

F Wings painted, spots visible; wings cut, not silenced

Peacock butterfly experiment

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  7

A With wings folded, a peacock butterfly resembles a dead leaf, so it is appropriately camouflaged from predatory birds.

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  8

B When a predatory bird approaches, a butterfly flicks its wings open and closed, revealing brilliant spots and producing hissing and clicking sounds.

Chapter 1, Problem 1DAA, Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control , example  9

C Researchers tested whether the wing-flicking and sound-making behaviors of peacock butterflies affected predation by blue tits (a type of songbird).

Experimental Treatment Number of Butterflies Eaten
Wing spots concealed 5 of 10 (50%)
Wings silenced 0 of 8 (0%)
Wing spots painted out and wings silenced 8 of 10 (80%)
No treatment 0 of 9 (0%)

*Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B (2005) 272: 1203–1207.

D The researchers painted out the spots of some butterflies, cut the soundmaking part of the wings on others, and did both to a third group; then exposed each butterfly to a hungry blue tit for 30 minutes. Results support only the hypothesis that peacock butterfly spots deter predatory birds.

FIGURE 1.12 Testing the defensive value of two peacock butterfly behaviors.

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Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent theexperimental and control groups used in the peacock butterfly experiment discussedin Section 1.6. See if you can identify the experimental groups and match them upwith the relevant control group(s). Hint: Identify which variable is being tested in eachgroup (each variable has a control).
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