Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305117396
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 1DID
Summary Introduction
To match: The experimental groups with their relevant control groups.
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Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent theexperimental and control groups used in the peacock butterfly experiment discussedin Section 1.6. See if you can identify the experimental groups and match them upwith the relevant control group(s). Hint: Identify which variable is being tested in eachgroup (each variable has a control).
Hi my name is Briana can you help me with these question for me it’s due today I really appreciate it.
1. Give two examples of how Canil et al's study lacks ecological validity.
2. A feature of laboratory experiments is that the researcher has control over the situation and can standardize their procedure. Give four examples of controls in this experiment.
Crickets “chirp” by rubbing their wings or legs over each other. This phenomenon is known as stridulation. It is a means by which male crickets “call” to females to communicate their interest in mating.
Frequency refers to the number of chirps that crickets produce during a period of time. Some have suggested that you can tell the temperature and the humidity based on how fast crickets chirp.
Independent variable:
Dependent variable:
Controlled variables (at least 3):
a.
b.
c
Control Treatment:
Chapter 1 Solutions
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 1 - Figure 1.7 Taxonomic classification of five...Ch. 1 - D. The researchers painted out the spots of some...Ch. 1 - Figure 1.15 Example of error bars in a graph. This...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1DIDCh. 1 - Prob. 1SQCh. 1 - Prob. 2SQCh. 1 - ______ is the transmission of DNA to offspring. a....Ch. 1 - A process by which an organism produces offspring...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5SQCh. 1 - ____________ move around for at least part of...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 7SQCh. 1 - DNA _______. a. guides form b. is the basis of...Ch. 1 - butterfly is a(n) _____ (choose all that apply)....Ch. 1 - A bacterium is _____ (choose all that apply). a....Ch. 1 - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya are three _____.Ch. 1 - A control group is ______. a. a set of individuals...Ch. 1 - Prob. 13SQCh. 1 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 1 - In one survey, fifteen randomly selected students...Ch. 1 - A person is declared to be dead upon the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CTCh. 1 - Why would you think twice about ordering from a...Ch. 1 - Once there was a highly intelligent turkey that...Ch. 1 - In 2005, researcher Woo-suk Hwang reported that he...
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- Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control groups used in the peacock butterfly experiment discussed in Section 1.6. See if you can identify the experimental groups and match them up with the relevant control group(s). Hint: Identify which variable is being tested in each group (each variable has a control). A Wing spots painted out B Wing spots visible; wings silenced C Wing spots painted out; wings silenced D Wings painted but spots visible E Wings cut but not silenced F Wings painted, spots visible; wings cut, not silenced Peacock butterfly experiment A With wings folded, a peacock butterfly resembles a dead leaf, so it is appropriately camouflaged from predatory birds. B When a predatory bird approaches, a butterfly flicks its wings open and closed, revealing brilliant spots and producing hissing and clicking sounds. C Researchers tested whether the wing-flicking and sound-making behaviors of peacock butterflies affected predation by blue tits (a type of songbird). Experimental Treatment Number of Butterflies Eaten Wing spots concealed 5 of 10 (50%) Wings silenced 0 of 8 (0%) Wing spots painted out and wings silenced 8 of 10 (80%) No treatment 0 of 9 (0%) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B (2005) 272: 12031207. D The researchers painted out the spots of some butterflies, cut the soundmaking part of the wings on others, and did both to a third group; then exposed each butterfly to a hungry blue tit for 30 minutes. Results support only the hypothesis that peacock butterfly spots deter predatory birds. FIGURE 1.12 Testing the defensive value of two peacock butterfly behaviors.arrow_forwardPeacock Butterfly Predator Defenses The photographs below represent the experimental and control groups used in the peacock butterfly experiment discussed in Section 1.6. See if you can identify the experimental groups and match them up with the relevant control group(s). Hint: Identify which variable is being tested in each group (each variable has a control). A Wing spots painted out B Wing spots visible; wings silenced C Wing spots painted out; wings silenced D Wings painted but spots visible E Wings cut but not silenced F Wings painted, spots visible; wings cut, not silenced Peacock butterfly experiment A With wings folded, a peacock butterfly resembles a dead leaf, so it is appropriately camouflaged from predatory birds. B When a predatory bird approaches, a butterfly flicks its wings open and closed, revealing brilliant spots and producing hissing and clicking sounds. C Researchers tested whether the wing-flicking and sound-making behaviors of peacock butterflies affected predation by blue tits (a type of songbird). Experimental Treatment Number of Butterflies Eaten Wing spots concealed 5 of 10 (50%) Wings silenced 0 of 8 (0%) Wing spots painted out and wings silenced 8 of 10 (80%) No treatment 0 of 9 (0%) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B (2005) 272: 12031207. D The researchers painted out the spots of some butterflies, cut the soundmaking part of the wings on others, and did both to a third group; then exposed each butterfly to a hungry blue tit for 30 minutes. Results support only the hypothesis that peacock butterfly spots deter predatory birds. FIGURE 1.12 Testing the defensive value of two peacock butterfly behaviors.arrow_forwardTesting Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). How did population size in the control plots change during the first four months of the study?arrow_forward
- Sustainable Use of Horseshoe Crabs Horseshoe crab blood clots immediately upon exposure to bacterial toxins, so it can be used to test injectable drugs for the presence of dangerous bacteria. To keep horseshoe crab populations stable, blood is extracted from captured animals, which are then returned to the wild. Concerns about the survival of animals after bleeding led researchers to do an experiment. They compared survival of animals captured and maintained in a tank with that of animals captured, bled, and kept in a similar tank. FIGURE 24.28 shows the results. FIGURE 24.28 Mortality of young male horseshoe crabs kept in tanks during the 2 weeks after their capture. Half the animals were bled on the day of their capture. Control animals were handled, but not bled. This procedure was repeated 8 times with different sets of horseshoe crabs. Looking at the overall results, how did the mortality of the two groups differ?arrow_forwardTesting Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). How did population size in the two types of treated plots change during this same interval?arrow_forwardTesting Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). If this study had ended after the first year, would you conclude that biological controls had a major effect?arrow_forward
- Figure 1.15 Example of error bars in a graph. This graph was adapted from the peacock butterfly research described in Section 1.5. The researchers recorded the number of times each butterfly flicked its wings in response to an attack by a bird. The squares represent average frequency of wing flicking for each sample set of butterflies. The error bars that extend above and below the dots indicate the range of valuesthe sampling error. Figure It Out: What was the fastest rate at which a butterfly with no spots or sound flicked its wings?arrow_forwardIt's a fill in the blank question Commensalism is defined as a relationship in which one organism ^blank^, while the other ^blank^arrow_forwardWRITE DOWN SOME NOTES OR TAKE AWAYS ABOUT THIS MODEL. Model 3 – Random Genetic Drift This model is an adaptation of the classic experiment conducted by Peter Buri (1956), which documented genetic drift in laboratory populations of Drosophila. In the model, ten vials (populations) of flies are held at a constant population size and the proportions of a mutant allele are tracked over generations. The population size and the initial allele proportion can be manipulated.arrow_forward
- Mimicry of yellowjacket wasps by clearwing moths is an example of a harmless species resembling a dangerous one. What is the ad-vantage to the moth of this form of mimicry? What is the advan-tage to a dangerous species of mimicking another dangerous species?arrow_forwardPlease help me I need it!!!!Give two example of how Canli et al’s study lacks ecological validity.arrow_forwardI am doing an ecology research paper on Brown Anole Lizard Distribution, to perform my experiment I will choose 4 spots in a park such as a lake, a shaded tree, a boardwalk, and a sidewalk. then to quantify my results I will go three times a day for five weeks and count how many lizards I see in each area. I need help thinking of a good research question? it does not have to be long.arrow_forward
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