Chapter 1, Problem 1E

Explain this statement in your own words and give an example. The properties of the substances around us depend on the structure of the particles that compose them.

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: Explanation with an example of the sentence “The properties of the substances around us depend on the structure of the particles that compose them”.

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution: A small change in structure, like change in shape results in significant change in properties. For example the shape of water molecule, ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ is bent in nature but if we suppose that it would possess linear structure that is two hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in a straight line then it will result in significant change in properties like weaker attractive forces between water molecules, lower boiling point, solubility etc.

Explanation of Solution

Water molecule ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ is composed of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom. The specific geometrical arrangements of these three atoms to form water molecule results in the formation of bent structure, which determines its chemical properties. Suppose the water molecule possess linear structure that is two hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in a straight line, this change in shape of water molecule will results in significant change in properties that is the attractive forces between the molecules of water will weaken up so, they have less tendency to stay together and will evaporate easily into a gas phase, resulting in lower boiling point. The change in structure will also affect other chemical properties like solubility, freezing point etc.

Conclusion

A small change in structure, like change in shape results in significant change in properties. For example the shape of water molecule, ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ is bent in nature but if we suppose that it would possess linear structure that is two hydrogen and oxygen are in a straight line then it will result in significant change in properties like weaker attractive forces between water molecules, lower boiling point, solubility etc.