Inorganic Chemistry
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781292134147
Author: Housecroft, Catherine E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 34P
In Fig. 1.16, identify the trend in the first ionization energies of the elements in (a) descending group 1, (b) descending group 13, (c) crossing the first row of the d-block, (d) crossing the row of elements from B to Ne, (e) going from Xe to Cs, and (f) going from P to S. Rationalize each of the trends you have described.
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Thallium, a neurotoxin, is the heaviest member of Group 13 of the periodic table and is found most usually in the +1 oxidation state. Aluminium, which causes anaemia and dementia, is also a member of the group but its chemical properties are dominated by the +3 oxidation state. Examine this issue by plotting the first, second, and third ionization energies for the Group 13 elements against atomic number. Explain the trends you observe. Hints: The third ionization energy, I3, is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the doubly charged cation: E2+(g) → E3+(g) + e−(g), I3 = E(E3+) − E(E2+). For data, see the links to databases of atomic properties provided in the text’s website.
Silver and rubidium both form +1 ions, but silver is far lessreactive. Suggest an explanation, taking into account theground-state electron configurations of these elements andtheir atomic radii.
Which elements on the periodic table tend to have the lowest first ionisation energy?
What is the implication of this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Inorganic Chemistry
Ch. 1 - Chromium has four isotopes C2450r, C2452r, C2453r...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2PCh. 1 - Using the list of naturally occurring isotopes in...Ch. 1 - Hydrogen possesses three isotopes, but tritium ,...Ch. 1 - (a) By using the data in appendix 5, account for...Ch. 1 - Calculate the corresponding wavelength of...Ch. 1 - State which of the following n'n transitions in...Ch. 1 - Calculate the energy (in kJ per mole of photons)...Ch. 1 - 1.9 Four of the lines in Balmer series are at...Ch. 1 - 1.10 Using the Bohr model, determine the values of...
Ch. 1 - 1.11 How is the (a) energy and (b) size of an ns...Ch. 1 - 1.12 Write down a set of quantum numbers that...Ch. 1 - Do the three 4p atomic orbitals possess the same...Ch. 1 - How many radial nodes does each of the following...Ch. 1 - 1.15 Comment on the differences between plots of...Ch. 1 - 1.16 Write down the sets of quantum numbers that...Ch. 1 - Write down the three sets of quantum numbers that...Ch. 1 - How many atomic orbitals make up the set with n=4...Ch. 1 - Prob. 19PCh. 1 - (a) Will a plot of R(r) for the 1s atomic orbital...Ch. 1 - Prob. 21PCh. 1 - Prob. 22PCh. 1 - Write down the six sets of quantum numbers that...Ch. 1 - For a neutral atom, X, the following atomic...Ch. 1 - Using the concepts of shielding and penetration,...Ch. 1 - For each of the following atoms, write down a...Ch. 1 - 1.27 Draw energy level diagrams (see Fig. 1.15) to...Ch. 1 - 1.28 Write down the ground state electronic...Ch. 1 - Write down (with reasoning) the ground state...Ch. 1 - Draw energy level diagrams to show the ground...Ch. 1 - The ground state electronic configuration of a...Ch. 1 - (a) Write down an equation that defines the...Ch. 1 - 1.33 The first four ionization energies of an atom...Ch. 1 - 1.34 In Fig. 1.16, identify the trend in the first...Ch. 1 - 1.35 Figure 1.17 shows the values of for the...Ch. 1 - Using the data in Table 1.5, determine a value for...Ch. 1 - Prob. 37PCh. 1 - What is the evidence that the aufbau principle is...Ch. 1 - The first list in the table on the left contains...Ch. 1 - Prob. 40PCh. 1 - Using data from appendix 8, construct a graph to...Ch. 1 - The sign convention for electron affinity can...Ch. 1 - Prob. 43PCh. 1 - 1.45 Figure 1.18 shows the emission spectrum of...
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- The first ionization energy of helium is 2370kJmol1 , the highest for any element. (a) Define ionization energy and discuss why for helium it should be so high. (b) Which element would you expect to have the highest second ionization energy? Why? (c) Suppose that you wished to ionize some helium by shining electromagnetic radiation on it. What is the maximum wavelength you could use?arrow_forwardThe first ionization energies of As and Se are 0.947 and 0.941 MJ/mol, respectively. Rationalize these values in terms of electron configurations.arrow_forwardDoes the information on alkali metals in Table 2-8 of the text confirm the general periodic trends in ionization energy and atomic radius? Explain.arrow_forward
- 7.119 The first four ionization energies of an element areapproximately 738, 1450, 7.7 × 103 , and 1.1 × 104kJ/mol.To which periodic group does this element belong?Explain your answer.arrow_forwardExceptions to the trend of increasing first ionization energy and increasingly negative (i.e., more favorable) electron affinity occur in group 15 elements. What is the reason for this?arrow_forwardAn element has the following successive ionization energies in kJmol-1. The first valuecorresponds to the first ionization energy. 762, 1540, 3300, 4390, 18950, 24900 i. Predict the group of the element. ii. Briefly explain you answer in (i).arrow_forward
- State the Aufbau principle, and explain the role it plays in classifying the elements in the periodic table.arrow_forwardDescribe the variation of first ionisation energy moving across Period 3, from left to rightarrow_forwardWhat is the theoretical basis for the trend in ionization energy across a period of the periodic table?arrow_forward
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