Pushing Electrons
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781133951889
Author: Weeks, Daniel P.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 1, Problem 69EQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The Lewis structures of radicals formed when di-tert-butyl peroxide breaks homolytically needs to be drawn
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds can suffer homolytic (symmetrical) bond breaking. During homolytic
cleavage, the electrons of a covalent bond become unpaired and one electron goes
with each fragment. Radicals, rather than ions, are formed. Radicals usually have a
formal charge of zero.
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the best lewis structure will always have a negative formal charge on the most electronegative element?
true or false?
Carbon Thioxide (OCS)
d) determine the partial charges of the CO bond
e) determine the direction of the polarity arrow for the CO bond
f) determine the polarity of the Carbon Thioxide molecule
g) determine the oxidation state (charge) of the C in the ion
h) determine the formal charge of all the atoms in carbon Thoxide molecule
i) is the structure the optimum formal charge, if not draw the optimum formal charge structure
j) What is the electron domain for the C (VSEPR)
k) What is the geometric domain for the C
l) what is the hybridization of the C
Example of free radicals of H2O with excess acids
Chapter 1 Solutions
Pushing Electrons
Ch. 1 - 1. Hydrogen is a Group I element and each...Ch. 1 - Methanol has the molecular formula CH4O. Its...Ch. 1 - 3. The skeleton of chloromethane is...Ch. 1 - 4. Methanol’s skeleton is
Connecting all bonded...Ch. 1 - 5. The structure for chloromethane is
It...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6EQCh. 1 - 7. Dimethyl ether
No. of electrons in...Ch. 1 - Methylamine (CH5N) No. of electrons in structure...Ch. 1 - Methanethiol (CH4S) No. of electrons in structure...Ch. 1 - Methylal (C3H8O2) No. of electrons in structure...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 11EQCh. 1 - Adding electrons to the skeleton by making single...Ch. 1 - This is done by removing an unshared pair from...Ch. 1 - Prob. 14EQCh. 1 - Prob. 15EQCh. 1 - Prob. 16EQCh. 1 - The skeleton of acetyl chloride is . Write the...Ch. 1 - Three constitutional isomers exist for the formula...Ch. 1 - A number of constitutional isomers exist for the...Ch. 1 - Using the method outlined above, derive the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 21EQCh. 1 - Prob. 22EQCh. 1 - Prob. 23EQCh. 1 - Prob. 24EQCh. 1 - The skeleton of benzyldimethylamine is
The...Ch. 1 - The skeleton is benzaldoxime is The number of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 27EQCh. 1 - Derive Lewis structures for the compounds below....Ch. 1 - Prob. 29EQCh. 1 - Derive Lewis structures for the compounds below....Ch. 1 - Prob. 31EQCh. 1 - Derive Lewis structures for the compounds below....Ch. 1 - The Lewis structure of acetone is Circling the...Ch. 1 - Chloromethane has the Lewis...Ch. 1 - In the Lewis structure for chloromethane, the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 36EQCh. 1 - The oxygen atom in acetone possesses ____ unshared...Ch. 1 - Nitrobenzene has the skeleton
The number of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 39EQCh. 1 - Compute and add on the formal charges I these...Ch. 1 - Prob. 41EQCh. 1 - Prob. 42EQCh. 1 - Prob. 43EQCh. 1 - Prob. 44EQCh. 1 - Prob. 45EQCh. 1 - Prob. 46EQCh. 1 - Prob. 47EQCh. 1 - Compute and add on the formal charges in these...Ch. 1 - Prob. 49EQCh. 1 - Prob. 50EQCh. 1 - The n-propyl cation can be formed from a molecule...Ch. 1 - Prob. 52EQCh. 1 - Prob. 53EQCh. 1 - Methanol, CH3OH, is a compound in which the formal...Ch. 1 - When a proton becomes bonded to diethyl ether, by...Ch. 1 - Tetrahydrofuran has the structure
When a proton...Ch. 1 - Prob. 57EQCh. 1 - Prob. 58EQCh. 1 - The structure of pyridine is
When a proton...Ch. 1 - The carbon atom owns one electron from each of ...Ch. 1 - The n-butyl anion can be formed from When the CLi...Ch. 1 - The isobutyl anion can be formed from When the CNa...Ch. 1 - Prob. 63EQCh. 1 - Ethanol, , is a compound in which the formal...Ch. 1 - The loss of a proton attached to the oxygen atom...Ch. 1 - A very strong base can remove a proton from...Ch. 1 - Prob. 67EQCh. 1 - Prob. 68EQCh. 1 - Prob. 69EQCh. 1 - The homolysis of the OO bond in diacetyl peroxide...Ch. 1 - Prob. 71EQCh. 1 - Prob. 72EQCh. 1 - Prob. 73EQCh. 1 - Prob. 74EQCh. 1 - Prob. 75EQCh. 1 - Heterolytic cleavage of the CO bond to yield a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 77EQCh. 1 - Prob. 78EQCh. 1 - Prob. 79EQCh. 1 - Prob. 80EQ
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- The carbon atom owns one electron from each of shared pairs and two electrons from unshared pair. The number of electrons that belong to carbon is . Carbon is a Group element. Since the carbon atom has one more electron than it would in the neutral, unbonded state, it has a formal charge of –1 . The Lewis structure for the methyl anion is The lithium fragment must have a formal charge ofarrow_forwardThe oxygen atom in acetone possesses ____ unshared pairs and ____ shared pairs of electrons. The number of electrons that belong to oxygen is ____. Oxygen is a Group ____ element. The formal charge on oxygen in acetone is ____.arrow_forwardIn the Lewis structure for chloromethane, the chlorine atom is sharing _____ electron pair and “owns” _____ of those electrons. Also, the chlorine atom possesses two electrons from each of _____ unshared pairs. The total number of electrons that belong to chlorine is 7 . Chlorine is a Group ____ element. The formal charge on chlorine in chloromethane is ____.arrow_forward
- The Lewis structure of acetone is Circling the carbonyl carbon, i.e., the carbon atom attached to oxygen, and its octet gives Circling the oxygen atom and its octet gives Thus, atoms share electrons in making bonds, and a pair of electrons may be included in the octet of two different atoms. When computing the formal charge on an atom, the number of electrons that belong to that atom is compared with the number of electrons the atom would have in the unbonded and neutral state. If the two numbers are the same, the formal charge on the atom is zero. In a Lewis structure both electrons in an unshared pair belong to the atom, and one of every pair of shared (bonding) electrons belongs to the atom.arrow_forwardEthanol, , is a compound in which the formal charge on all the atoms is zero. Under certain conditions the bond can be broken so that both electrons remain with the oxygen atom. The products are In this structure the oxygen owns one electron from shared pair and two electrons from each of unshared pairs. The total number of electrons belonging to oxygen is Oxygen is a Group element. The formal charge on the oxygen atom is . The correct Lewis structure for the ethoxide ion is Note that the other fragment, the proton, leaves with a formal charge of +1.arrow_forwardYou will not find “hydroxide” in the stockroom, but you will find sodium hydroxide (NaOH) andpotassium hydroxide (KOH). Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is expensive and used in spacecraft airfilters since hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide, and lithium is lighter than sodium or potassium.Cesium and francium hydroxides are very expensive and little used. Is this information consistentwith your answer to the previous question?arrow_forward
- The n-propyl cation can be formed from a molecule such as When the C–Cl bond is broken so that both electrons leave with Cl, the fragments formed are The carbon atom that had been attached to Cl is now sharing ____ electron pairs. In each shared pair the carbon atom owns ____ electron. The number of electrons that belong to carbon is ____. The formal charge on the carbon atom is ____. The correct Lewis structure for the n-propyl cation isarrow_forwardChloromethane has the Lewis structure _______________________________ The carbon atom is sharing 4 electron pairs. In each shared pair the carbon atom “owns” 1 electron. The number of electrons that “belong” to carbon is ___. Carbon, being a Group ___ element would have 4 , outer shell electrons in the unbonded, neutral state. Therefore, the carbon atom in chloromethane has a formal charge of zero.arrow_forwardOne Lewis structure for the enolate anion of acetaldehyde is Pushing the pair of unshared electrons on the carbon atom away from the center of negative charge and pushing the pi electrons of the carbon-oxygen double bond to the oxygen atom generates a second resonance structure. Thus,arrow_forward
- Nitrate ion (NO31-) e) determine the direction of the polarity arrow for the NO bond f) determine the polarity of the NO3-1 ion g) determine the oxidation state (charge) of the N in the ion h) determine the formal charge of all the atoms in the nitrate ion i) is the structure the optimum formal charge, if not draw the optimum formal charge structure j) What is the electron domain for the N (VSEPR) k) What is the geometric domain for the N l) what is the hybridization of the Narrow_forwardConsider one resonance structure for the azide ion, N3-1 : What is the formal charge on each nitrogen atom in this resonance structure? Enter your answer as a number preceded by the appropriate charge (+ or -), if applicable. If the formal charge is zero, enter 0 . formal charge of left N [a] formal charge of middle N [b] formal charge of right N [c]arrow_forwardIn an ammonium, nitrogen has a valence of 4, and zero nonbonding electrons. What is the correct formal charge of nitrogen with 4 covalent bonds?arrow_forward
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