EBK ASTRONOMY TODAY
EBK ASTRONOMY TODAY
9th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633109
Author: MCMILLAN
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 1, Problem 9P
To determine

The number of grains of sand in all the beaches of the world, and then to compare it with the number of stars in the observable universe.

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Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements).  Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4.  How many electrons are there in the observable Universe?  Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Value:  n = 4*1080
Recent findings in astrophysics suggest that the observable universe can be modeled as a sphere of radius R=13.7x109 light-years=13.0 x 1025m with an average total mass density of about 1x10-26 kg/m3 Only about 4% of total mass is due to “ordinary” matter (such as protons, neutrons, and electrons). Estimate how much ordinary matter (in kg) there is in the observable universe. (For the light-year, see Problem 19.)
Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements).  Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4.  How many electrons are there in the observable Universe?  Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place.   Values:  n = 1*10^80
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