Chapter 10, Problem 10.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium isopropoxide is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC nomenclature. The naming of organic compound is done such that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing IUPAC name from structural formula are:

• First identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

The structure of sodium isopropoxide is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The name of the compound sodium isopropoxide indicates that the compound is organic salt. The cation of the sodium isopropoxide is sodium ion and anion of this compound is isopropoxide ion. The isopropoxide ion has isopropyl group attracted to oxygen atom. The charge on isopropoxide ion is $-1$ and charge on sodium ion is $+1$. Therefore, the structure of sodium isopropoxide is shown below.

Figure 1

Conclusion

The structure of sodium isopropoxide is shown in Figure 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of potassium tert-butoxide is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC nomenclature. The naming of organic compound is done such that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing IUPAC name from structural formula are:

• First identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

The structure of potassium tert-butoxide is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The name of the compound potassium tert-butoxide indicates that the compound is organic salt. The cation of the potassium tert-butoxide is potassium ion and anion of this compound is tert-butoxide ion. The tert-butoxide ion has tert-butyl group attracted to oxygen atom. The charge on tert-butoxide ion is $-1$ and charge on potassium ion is $+1$. Therefore, the structure of potassium tert-butoxide is shown below.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The structure of potassium tert-butoxide is shown in Figure 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of $\text{magnesium 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC nomenclature. The naming of organic compound is done such that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing IUPAC name from structural formula are:

• First identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

The structure of $\text{magnesium 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The name of the compound $\text{magnesium 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ indicates that the compound is organic salt. The cation of $\text{magnesium 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ is magnesium ion and anion of this compound is $\text{2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ ion. The anionic part $\text{2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ has a dimethyl substituted hydrocarbon carbon chain of four carbons which attracted to oxygen atom at $\text{C1}$ position. The charge on $\text{2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ ion is $-1$ and charge on magnesium ion is $+2$. Two ions of $\text{2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ will be present with one magnesium ion. Therefore, the structure of $\text{magnesium 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ is shown below.

Figure 3

Conclusion

The structure of $\text{magnesium 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butanolate}$ is shown in Figure 3.