Chapter 10, Problem 10.1P

To determine

(a)

The sensing mechanism in a Traffic light and discuss whether it is a closed or open loop system.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

A traffic light can be either closed or open loop system. If it has a sensor to detect the number of vehicles, it is a closed loop system.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

To consider a Traffic light as a device

A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. Traffic light can be either closed or open loop system. If it has a sensor to detect the number of vehicles, it is a closed-loop system.

Conclusion:

Traffic light can be either closed or open loop system. If it has a sensor to detect number of vehicles, it is a closed loop system.

To determine

(b)

The sensing mechanism in Washing machine and discuss whether it is closed loop or open system.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

Some Washing machines have closed loop system if a sensor is present and some others have open loop system without a sensor.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

To consider a Washing machine as a device

A device or process is said to be in closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. If a washing machine has a sensor to detect water level, dirt and for adjusting the frequency of cycles then such washing machines have a closed loop system else washing machines have a open loop system.

Conclusion:

Some Washing machines have a closed loop system if a sensor is present and some others have open loop system without a sensor.

To determine

(c)

The sensing mechanism in Toaster and discuss whether it is an open or closed loop system.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

If a Toaster has a sensor to detect the required temperature it is closed loop system else open loop system.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

To consider a Toaster as a device

A device or process is said to be in closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. If a Toaster has a sensor to detect the required temperature then it is a closed loop system else an open loop system.

Conclusion:

If a Toaster has a sensor to detect the required temperature, then it is a closed loop system or else a open loop system.

To determine

(d)

The sensing mechanism in a cruise control and discuss whether it is open or closed loop system.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

A Cruise control has a sensor to control the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine. Hence it is a closed loop system.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

To consider a Cruise control as a device

A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. A Cruise control has a sensor to control the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine. Hence it is a closed loop system.

Conclusion:

A Cruise control has a sensor to control the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine. Hence it is a closed loop system.

To determine

(e)

The sensing mechanism in an Aircraft autopilot and discuss whether it is an open or closed loop system.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

An Aircraft autopilot has a sensor to detect various parameters and the control of the system without continuous interference of the pilot and hence is a closed loop system.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

To consider an Aircraft autopilot as a device

A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. An Aircraft autopilot has a sensor to detect various parameters and the control the system without continuous interference of the pilot. Hence it is a closed loop system

Conclusion:

An Aircraft autopilot has a sensor to detect various parameters and the control of the system without continuous interference of the pilot and hence it is a closed loop system.

To determine

(f)

The sensing mechanism in human body and discuss whether it is open or closed loop system.

Answer to Problem 10.1P

A Temperature regulator in a human body has a sensor to detect temperature and maintain it around 98. 6F in the environment. Hence it is a closed loop system.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

To consider a Temperature regulator in a human body as a device

A device or process is said to be in a closed loop if it has a feedback control system and it is an open loop if it does not have any feedback control system. A Temperature regulation in a human body has a sensor to detect temperature and maintain it around 98. 6F in the environment. Hence, it is a closed loop system.

Conclusion:

Different devices have sensing mechanisms depending on their application. They may be closed or open loop systems. A Temperature regulator in a human body has a sensor to detect temperature and maintain it around 98. 6F in the environment. Hence it is a closed loop system.