Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 107SCQ

A 1.0-L flask contains 10.0 g each of O2 and CO2 at 25 °C.

  1. (a) Which gas has the greater partial pressure, O2 or CO2, or are they the same?
  2. (b) Which molecules have the greater rms speed, or are they the same?
  3. (c) Which molecules have the greater average kinetic energy, or are they the same?

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of gases under given temperature, volume and amount the gas with greater partial pressure, with greater rms speed and the gas with greater average kinetic energy should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ideal gas Equation:

Any gas is described by using four terms namely pressure, volume, temperature and the amount of gas.  Thus combining three laws namely Boyle’s, Charles’s Law and Avogadro’s Hypothesis the following equation could be obtained.  It is referred as ideal gas equation.

   nTPV = RnTPPV = nRTwhere,n = moles of gasP = pressureT = temperatureR = gas constant

Under some conditions gases don not behave like ideal gas that is they deviate from their ideal gas properties.  At lower temperature and at high pressures the gas tends to deviate and behave like real gases.

Boyle’s Law:

At given constant temperature conditions the mass of given ideal gas in inversely proportional to its volume.

Charles’s Law:

At given constant pressure conditions the volume of ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Avogadro’s Hypothesis:

Two equal volumes of gases with same temperature and pressure conditions tend to have same number of molecules with it.

The root mean square velocity μ is defined as the measure of velocity of particle in gas.  It is the method to determine the single velocity value for particles.

Root mean square velocity can be determined,

  μrms=(3RTM)1/2 (1)

  (gas constant)R=8.314JKmolM=Molarmass

Molar mass: The molar mass of a substance is determined by dividing the given mass of substance by the amount of the substance.

Average Kinetic energy: The kinetic energy for the gas is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature.  The kinetic energy is equal to half of the multiplied value obtained by multiplication of mass of gas with rms velocity of the gas.

Answer to Problem 107SCQ

The gas O2 has greater partial pressure than the other gas CO2

Explanation of Solution

Given:

  Volume,V=1LMassofO2=10gmoles =massmolar mass=10g32g/mol=0.3125molMassofCO2=10gmoles =massmolar mass=10g44.01g/mol=0.2272molTemperature,T = 25oC = 273.15+25 = 298.15K

Using ideal gas equation the partial pressure for each of the given gas is calculated as follows,

  PV= nRTP = nRTVPO2=0.3125mol×0.0821×298.15K1=7.65atmPCO2=0.2272mol×0.0821×298.15K1=5.56atm

From the above calculation it is clear that O2 has larger partial pressure it is due to the fact that O2 have larger number of molecules compared with carbon dioxide which is obtained by multiplying moles with 6.023×1023.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of gases under given temperature, volume and amount the gas with greater partial pressure, with greater rms speed and the gas with greater average kinetic energy should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ideal gas Equation:

Any gas is described by using four terms namely pressure, volume, temperature and the amount of gas.  Thus combining three laws namely Boyle’s, Charles’s Law and Avogadro’s Hypothesis the following equation could be obtained.  It is referred as ideal gas equation.

   nTPV = RnTPPV = nRTwhere,n = moles of gasP = pressureT = temperatureR = gas constant

Under some conditions gases don not behave like ideal gas that is they deviate from their ideal gas properties.   At lower temperature and at high pressures the gas tends to deviate and behave like real gases.

Boyle’s Law:

At given constant temperature conditions the mass of given ideal gas in inversely proportional to its volume.

Charles’s Law:

At given constant pressure conditions the volume of ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Avogadro’s Hypothesis:

Two equal volumes of gases with same temperature and pressure conditions tend to have same number of molecules with it.

The root mean square velocity μ is defined as the measure of velocity of particle in gas.  It is the method to determine the single velocity value for particles.

Root mean square velocity can be determined,

  μrms=(3RTM)1/2 (1)

  (gas constant)R=8.314JKmolM=Molarmass

Molar mass: The molar mass of a substance is determined by dividing the given mass of substance by the amount of the substance.

Average Kinetic energy: The kinetic energy for the gas is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature.  The kinetic energy is equal to half of the multiplied value obtained by multiplication of mass of gas with rms velocity of the gas.

Answer to Problem 107SCQ

The gas O2 has greater rms speed.

Explanation of Solution

The rms speed for the given set of gases is determined as follows,

  μrms=(3RTM)1/2rms speed for O2(38.314×298.1532)1/2=(11423.3232)1/2=356.98m/srms speed for CO2(38.314×298.1544.01)1/2=(11423.3244.01)1/2=259.6m/s

From the above calculation it is clear that O2 has larger rms speed value.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of gases under given temperature, volume and amount the gas with greater partial pressure, with greater rms speed and the gas with greater average kinetic energy should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ideal gas Equation:

Any gas is described by using four terms namely pressure, volume, temperature and the amount of gas.  Thus combining three laws namely Boyle’s, Charles’s Law and Avogadro’s Hypothesis the following equation could be obtained.  It is referred as ideal gas equation.

   nTPV = RnTPPV = nRTwhere,n = moles of gasP = pressureT = temperatureR = gas constant

Under some conditions gases don not behave like ideal gas that is they deviate from their ideal gas properties.  At lower temperature and at high pressures the gas tends to deviate and behave like real gases.

Boyle’s Law:

At given constant temperature conditions the mass of given ideal gas in inversely proportional to its volume.

Charles’s Law:

At given constant pressure conditions the volume of ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Avogadro’s Hypothesis:

Two equal volumes of gases with same temperature and pressure conditions tend to have same number of molecules with it.

The root mean square velocity μ is defined as the measure of velocity of particle in gas. It is the method to determine the single velocity value for particles.

Root mean square velocity can be determined,

  μrms=(3RTM)1/2 (1)

  (gas constant)R=8.314JKmolM=Molarmass

Molar mass: The molar mass of a substance is determined by dividing the given mass of substance by the amount of the substance.

Average Kinetic energy: The kinetic energy for the gas is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature.  The kinetic energy is equal to half of the multiplied value obtained by multiplication of mass of gas with rms velocity of the gas.

Answer to Problem 107SCQ

Both the given gases have same kinetic energy since both are under same temperature conditions.

Explanation of Solution

The kinetic energy for the molecules is determined by the temperature in which the gases are placed.  Both the given gases are placed under same temperature that is at 25oC tends to have equal kinetic energy values.

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Chapter 10 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 10.3 - At 1.00 atm and 25 C, the density of dry air is...Ch. 10.3 - A 0.105-g sample of a gaseous compound has a...Ch. 10.3 - Which gas has the greatest density at 25 and 1.00...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2RCCh. 10.3 - Prob. 3RCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 10.4 - Diborane reacts with O2 to give boric oxide and...Ch. 10.4 - 2. If you mix 1.5 L of B2H6 with 4.0 L of O2, each...Ch. 10.5 - The halothane-oxygen mixture described in this...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 10.6 - What is the rms speed of chlorine molecules at...Ch. 10.6 - 2. The species identified with each curve in the...Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 10.7 - In Figure 10.17, ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 1RCCh. 10.8 - At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm....Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 2QCh. 10.8 - To stay aloft, a blimp must achieve neutral...Ch. 10 - Pressure (See Section 10.1 and Example 10.1.) The...Ch. 10 - The average barometric pressure at an altitude of...Ch. 10 - Indicate which represents the higher pressure in...Ch. 10 - Put the following in order of increasing pressure:...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5PSCh. 10 - Prob. 6PSCh. 10 - You have 3.5 L of NO at a temperature of 22.0 C....Ch. 10 - Prob. 8PSCh. 10 - Prob. 9PSCh. 10 - You have a sample of CO2 in flask A with a volume...Ch. 10 - You have a sample of gas in a flask with a volume...Ch. 10 - A sample of gas occupies 135 mL at 22.5 C; the...Ch. 10 - One of the cylinders of an automobile engine has a...Ch. 10 - A helium-filled balloon of the type used in...Ch. 10 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to give...Ch. 10 - Ethane bums in air to give H2O and CO2. 2 C2H6(g)...Ch. 10 - A 1.25-g sample of CO2 is contained in a 750.-mL...Ch. 10 - A balloon holds 30.0 kg of helium. What is the...Ch. 10 - A flask is first evacuated so that it contains no...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20PSCh. 10 - Prob. 21PSCh. 10 - Prob. 22PSCh. 10 - Forty miles above Earths surface, the temperature...Ch. 10 - Prob. 24PSCh. 10 - A gaseous organofluorine compound has a density of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 26PSCh. 10 - A 1 007-g sample of an unknown gas exerts a...Ch. 10 - A 0.0130-g sample of a gas with an empirical...Ch. 10 - A new boron hydride, BxHy, has been isolated. To...Ch. 10 - Acetaldehyde is a common liquid compound that...Ch. 10 - Iron reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce...Ch. 10 - Silane, SiH4, reacts with O2 to give silicon...Ch. 10 - Prob. 33PSCh. 10 - The hydrocarbon octane (C8H18) bums to give CO2...Ch. 10 - Prob. 35PSCh. 10 - A self-contained underwater breathing apparatus...Ch. 10 - What is the total pressure in atmospheres of a gas...Ch. 10 - A cylinder of compressed gas is labeled...Ch. 10 - A halothane-oxygen mixture (C2HBrCIF3 + O2) can be...Ch. 10 - A collapsed balloon is filled with He to a volume...Ch. 10 - You have two flasks of equal volume. Flask A...Ch. 10 - Equal masses of gaseous N2 and Ar are placed in...Ch. 10 - If the rms speed of an oxygen molecule is 4.28 ...Ch. 10 - Prob. 44PSCh. 10 - Place the following gases in order of increasing...Ch. 10 - Prob. 46PSCh. 10 - In each pair of gases below, tell which will...Ch. 10 - Prob. 48PSCh. 10 - Prob. 49PSCh. 10 - A sample of uranium fluoride is found to effuse at...Ch. 10 - Prob. 51PSCh. 10 - Prob. 52PSCh. 10 - In the text, it is stated that the pressure of...Ch. 10 - You want to store 165 g of CO2 gas in a 12.5-L...Ch. 10 - Consider a 5.00-L tank containing 325 g of H2O at...Ch. 10 - Consider a 5.00-L tank containing 375 g of Ar at a...Ch. 10 - Complete the following table:Ch. 10 - On combustion, 1.0 L of a gaseous compound of...Ch. 10 - You have a sample of helium gas at 33 C, and you...Ch. 10 - Prob. 60GQCh. 10 - Butyl mercaptan, C4H9SH, has a very bad odor and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 62GQCh. 10 - The temperature of the atmosphere on Mars can be...Ch. 10 - If you place 2.25 g of solid silicon in a 6.56-L...Ch. 10 - What volume (in liters) of O2, measured at...Ch. 10 - Nitroglycerin decomposes into four different gases...Ch. 10 - Ni(CO)4 can be made by reacting finely divided...Ch. 10 - Ethane bums in air to give H2O and CO2. 2 C2H6(g)...Ch. 10 - You have four gas samples: 1. 1.0 L of H2 at STP...Ch. 10 - Propane reacts with oxygen to give carbon dioxide...Ch. 10 - Iron carbonyl can be made by the direct reaction...Ch. 10 - Prob. 72GQCh. 10 - There are five compounds in the family of...Ch. 10 - A miniature volcano can be made in the laboratory...Ch. 10 - The density of air 20 km above Earths surface is...Ch. 10 - Prob. 76GQCh. 10 - Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, reacts with fluorine to...Ch. 10 - A xenon fluoride can be prepared by heating a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 79GQCh. 10 - Prob. 80GQCh. 10 - Prob. 81GQCh. 10 - Carbon dioxide, CO2, was shown lo effuse through a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 84GQCh. 10 - Prob. 85GQCh. 10 - Prob. 86GQCh. 10 - You are given 1.56 g of a mixture of KClO3 and...Ch. 10 - A study of climbers who reached the summit of...Ch. 10 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to give...Ch. 10 - Ammonia gas is synthesized by combining hydrogen...Ch. 10 - Nitrogen trifluoride is prepared by the reaction...Ch. 10 - Chlorine trifluoride, ClF3, is a valuable reagent...Ch. 10 - Prob. 93GQCh. 10 - Prob. 94GQCh. 10 - You have a 550.-mL tank of gas with a pressure of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 96ILCh. 10 - Prob. 97ILCh. 10 - Group 2A metal carbonates are decomposed to the...Ch. 10 - One way to synthesize diborane, B2H6, is the...Ch. 10 - You are given a solid mixture of NaNO2 and NaCl...Ch. 10 - You have 1.249 g of a mixture of NaHCO3 and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 102ILCh. 10 - Many nitrate salts can be decomposed by heating....Ch. 10 - You have a gas, one of the three known...Ch. 10 - Prob. 106ILCh. 10 - A 1.0-L flask contains 10.0 g each of O2 and CO2...Ch. 10 - If equal masses of O2 and N2 are placed in...Ch. 10 - You have two pressure-proof steel cylinders of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 110SCQCh. 10 - Prob. 111SCQCh. 10 - Each of four flasks is filled with a different...Ch. 10 - Prob. 113SCQCh. 10 - The sodium azide required for automobile air bags...Ch. 10 - Prob. 115SCQCh. 10 - Prob. 116SCQ
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