Chapter 10, Problem 1.1BGL

Summary Introduction

To label: The parts of the clavicle in Figure 10.2 (a).

Introduction: Pectoral girdles are otherwise called shoulder girdle and they are the set of bones. An upper limb is attached to the axial skeleton by each pectoral girdle. Each shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is composed of a clavicle and a scapula.

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Fig1: The parts of the clavicle

Explanation of Solution

1. Acromial end: The acromial end is the flattened lateral end. It is anchored to the coracoid process by trapezoid ligaments and conoid. It articulates with the acromion.

2. Sternal end: The sternal end is the enlarged medial end. It articulates with manubrium sterni.

Summary Introduction

To label: The parts of scapula in Figure 10.2 (b).

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Fig 2: The parts of the scapula anterior view

Explanation of Solution

3. Acromion (acromial process): Acromion is a portion of the scapula and it is found at the shoulder peak. The shape of the acromion is a triangle and it protrudes laterally. The acromion is otherwise referred as acromion process, which articulates with the collar bone or clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint. 

4. Coracoid process: The coracoid process is a thick, long curved projection attached by a broad base to the upper portion of the neck of the scapula.

5. Glenoid cavity or fossa: Glenoid cavity is a portion of the shoulder. It is depression inferior to acromion. The glenoid cavity is otherwise called a glenoid fossa of the scapula.

6. Lateral (axillary) border: The lateral border is a structural feature on the bone of scapula or border near the axilla. The lateral border of the scapula is also called an axillary border.

7. Subscapular fossa: Subscapular fossa is the concave depression on the anterior surface of the scapula. It provides origin to the subscapularis muscle. The subscapular fossa is otherwise called the shoulder bone.

8. (medial) vertebral border: The vertebral border is the edge or margin of scapula near the vertebral column. It extends to the inferior angle from a superior angle.

Summary Introduction

To label: The parts of the clavicle in Figure 10.2 (c).

Answer to Problem 1.1BGL

Pictorial representation:

Fig1: The parts of the scapula posterior view

Explanation of Solution

9. Supraspinous fossa: Supraspinous fossa is a depression superior to the spine. It provides origin to the supraspinatus muscle.

10. Infraspinous fossa: Infraspinous fossa is the depression or hollow on the dorsal aspect inferior to the spine. It mainly provides attachment to the infraspinatus muscle.

11. Acromion (acromial process): Acromion is the portion of the scapula and it is found at the shoulder peak. The acromion is otherwise referred as acromion process, which articulates with the collar bone or clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint. 

12. Spine of the scapula: The spine of the scapula is otherwise called a scapular spine. It is a sharp ridge present on the posterior side.

13. Glenoid cavity or fossa: Glenoid cavity is otherwise called a glenoid fossa of the scapula. The glenoid cavity is a portion of the shoulder. It is a depression inferior to acromion.