Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 18CTQ
When OPEC raised the price of oil dramatically in the mid-1970s, experts said it was unlikely that the cartel could stay together over the long term-that the incentives for individual members. to cheat would become too strong. More than fort),r years later, OPEC still exists. Why do you think OPEC has been able to beat the odds and continue to collude? Hint: You may wish to consider non-economic reasons.
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When OPEC raised the price of oil dramatically in the mid-1970s, experts said it was unlikely that the cartel could stay together over the long term—that the incentives for individual members to cheat would become too strong. More than forty years later, OPEC still exists. Why do you think OPEC has been able to beat the odds and continue to collude? Hint: You may wish to consider non-economic reasons. Hint: You may wish to consider non-economic reasons.
just answer the subpart d
a. Explain what you know about collusion and cartels, including: definition, formation of motives, types and differences between these types, and so on.
b. Why is this behavior often encountered in imperfectly competitive market structures such as oligopolies?
c. What obstacles/obstacles do collusion and cartels often face?
d. Name and explain at least 3 factors that can facilitate the occurrence of collusion and cartel!
A film called The 33 tells the story of 33 coal miners in Chile who were trapped inside a collapsed coal mine for more than two months. While trapped inside the mine, the miners agreed that if they ever got out alive, they would sell their story as a group, and that none of them would tell their stories individually. In essence, they formed a cartel, agreeing to sell just one big story for a lot of money rather than each miner selling his own individual story. As it turned out, they did get out alive and they did stick to their agreement. None of the miners sold his story individually. That is, the “cartel” formed by these trapped coal miners worked; nobody cheated. Explain why this cartel, unlike almost all others, was successful. This is not a research question; you don’t have to have the factually correct answer to earn full credit on this question. Rather, a full-credit answer will explain the conditions under which a cartel will be successful and then indicate the specifics of…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 10 - Suppose that, due to a successful advertising...Ch. 10 - Continuing with the scenario in question 1, in the...Ch. 10 - Consider the curve in the figure below, which...Ch. 10 - Sometimes oligopolies in the same industry are...Ch. 10 - What is the relationship between product...Ch. 10 - How is the perceived demand curve for a...Ch. 10 - How does a monopolistic competitor choose its...Ch. 10 - How can a monopolistic competitor tell whether the...Ch. 10 - If the firms in a monopolistically competitive...Ch. 10 - Is a monopolistically competitive firm...
Ch. 10 - Will the firms in an oligopoly act more like a...Ch. 10 - Does each individual in a prisoners dilemma...Ch. 10 - What stops oligopolists from acting together as a...Ch. 10 - Aside from advertising, how can monopolistically...Ch. 10 - Make a case for why monopolistically competitive...Ch. 10 - Would you rather have efficiency or variety? That...Ch. 10 - Would you expect the kinked demand curve to be...Ch. 10 - When OPEC raised the price of oil dramatically in...Ch. 10 - Andreas Day Spa began to offer a relaxing...Ch. 10 - May and Raj me the only two growers who provide...Ch. 10 - Jane and Bill are apprehended for a bank robbery....
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Similar questions
- For many years, the Justice Department has tried to break up large firms like IBM, Microsoft, and most recently Google, on the grounds that their large market share made them essentially monopolies. In a global market, where U.S. films compete with firms from other countries, would this policy make the same sense as it might in a purely domestic context?arrow_forwardWould you expect the kinked demand curve to be more extreme (like a right angle) or less extreme (like a normal demand curve) if each film in the cartel produces a near-identical product Like OPEC and petroleum? What if each film produces a somewhat different product? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardDescribe the source of tension between cooperation and self interest in a market characterised by oligopoly. Use an example to show why this tension causes instability in cartels in a few sentencesarrow_forward
- Discuss the possible deviations from perfect competition and then focus on oligopolies. How can cartels coordinate to affect markets? What affects antitrust enforcers’ ability to detect cartels? Discuss with reference to one or more examples.arrow_forwarda. Explain what you know about collusion and cartels, including: definition, formation of motives, types and differences between these types, and so on. b. Why is this behavior often encountered in imperfectly competitive market structures such as oligopolies? c. What obstacles/obstacles do collusion and cartels often face? d. Name and explain at least 3 factors that can facilitate the occurrence of collusion and cartel!arrow_forwardMake a case that neither pure competition nor pure monopoly is conducive to a great deal of R&D spending and innovation. Why might oligopoly be more favorable to R&D spending and innovation than either pure competition or pure monopoly? What is the inverted-U theory of R&D, and how does it relate to your answers to these questions?arrow_forward
- Explain why OPEC has been one of the most successful cartels in recent decades. Whatfactors have limited this success?arrow_forwardWhat problems usually make cartels collapse? How was OPEC able to avoid this fate, at least through the mid-1980s?arrow_forwardThe attached diagram illustrate an industry under oligopoly consisting of 10 equal-sized firms, and a particular firm in that industry. Each of the firms produces an identical product. Assuming the firms form a cartel, what price will the cartel choose if it wishes to maximize overall profits for the cartel? What total output must the cartel produce in order to maintain this price? To what output will an individual firm be restricted if the price is to be maintained?Assume that all firms are permitted to produce the same level of output. If the other firms stick to this output, how much would an individual firm be tempted to produce if it wished to maximize its own profit at the agreed price? If it undercut the cartel price, what and output would maximize its profit 9assuming the other members did not retaliate)?arrow_forward
- The following diagrams illustrate an industry under oligopoly consisting of 10 equal-sized firms, and a particular firm in that industry. Each of the firms produces an identical product. (a) Assuming the firms form a cartel, what price will the cartel choose if it wishes to maximise overall profits for the cartel? (b) What total output must the cartel produce in order to maintain this price? (c) To what output will an individual firm be restricted if this price is to be maintained? Assume that all firms are permitted to produce the same level of output. (d) If the other firms stick to this output, how much would an individual firm be tempted to produce if it wished to maximise its own profit at the agreed price? (e) If it undercut the cartel price, what price and output would maximise its profit (assuming the other members did not retaliate)?arrow_forwardThe table shows the demand schedule for a particular product. Quantity Price 0 100 300 90 600 80 900 70 1200 60 1500 50 1800 40 2100 30 2400 20 2700 10 3000 0 Suppose the market for this product is served by two firms who have formed a cartel and are colluding to set the price and quantity in this market. If the marginal cost to produce this product is constant at $40 per unit, then what price will the cartel set in this market? a. $40 b. $50 c. $60 d. $70 e. $80arrow_forwardWhy Cooperation in the oligopoly (cartel) market cannot last long, what are the causes?arrow_forward
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