Videos
Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through
- a. conjugation.
- b. transformation.
- c. transduction.
- d. all of these.
Introduction:
Many antibiotics are natural products of fungi and bacteria; therefore, microbes have developed a survival strategy involving resistance to these antibiotics. There are some ways in which microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance, whether antibiotics are present or not.
Answer to Problem 1Q
Correct answer:
Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through conjugation, transduction, and transformation. Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Option (d) is given as “all of these”
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
One of the main ways in which microbes can acquire antimicrobial resistance is by acquisition of entire new genes or sets of genes via horizontal transfer from another species. This mode begins with plasmids, which are transferred via conjugation, transduction, or transformation. Genes in chromosomes, along with plasmids that contain codes for resistance to drugs can also be replicated to be inherited by successive progenies. This mode leads to emergence of a drug resistance species.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “conjugation”.
Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through conjugation, transduction, and transformation. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (b) is given as “transformation”.
Only transformation is not sufficient for microbes to acquire resistance to drugs; process of transduction and conjugation are also required. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “transduction”.
Just transduction does not sufficient to microbial resistance to drugs; process of transformation and conjugation are also required. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.
Microbial plasmids are transferred via conjugation, transduction, or transformation to other microbes for the acquisition of resistance to drugs. Genes in plasmids that contain codes for resistance to drugs can also be replicated to be inherited by successive progenies.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
- Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the antibiotic streptomycin? A. it disrupts protein synthesis in resistant bacteria. B. Streptomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in all bacterial species. C. Streptomycin creates mutations in bacteria which cause them to become resistant. D. It disrupts protein synthesis in nonresistant bacteria.arrow_forwardGive two reasons why bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics.arrow_forwardA compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that destroys or inhibitsthe growth of other microbes is a(n)a. synthetic drug b. antibiotic c. antimicrobial drug d. competitive inhibitorarrow_forward
- Which of the following BEST describes an agent that is bacteriostatic? A) It suspends bacterial synthesis of Tranexamic Acid. B) It kills the bacteria by destroying its cell wall. C) It zaps the bacteria with static electricity. D) It suspends bacterial growth.arrow_forwardDoctors prescribe synergistic drug combinations to treatbacterial infections. The purpose of such treatment is to:(a) Change the bacteria with cell walls to L forms lackingcell walls(b) Reduce the treatment time of the disease(c) Prevent microorganisms from acquiring drug resis-tance(d) Reduce the toxic side effects of the antibiotics(e) Use lower doses of antibioticsarrow_forwardSome antibiotics fail to kill/inhibit a pathogen simply because the microbe is naturally (intrinsically) resistant to it. True or False ?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not one of the objectives of the antibiotic resistance study? A. Distinguish between a virus and a bacteria B. Distinguish between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics C. Distinguish between susceptibility and resistance D. Anderstand the advantages of the Kirby-Bauer method versus the Disk-Diffusion method E. All of these are objectives of the Antibiotic resistance studyarrow_forwardThe first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch's postulates is to A.isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals. B. culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium. C. inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal. D. obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.arrow_forwardExplain the phenomenon of drug resistance from the standpoint of microbial geneticsarrow_forward
- Describe two events occurs when antibiotics are present or not and microbes become newly resistant to a drug?arrow_forwardMake a conceptual framework based on this concept (Antimicrobial Resistance).arrow_forwarda. If you were involved in developing an antiviral drug, what wouldbe some important considerations? (Can a drug “kill” a virus?)b. How could multiplication be blocked?arrow_forward
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage Learning