Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780321997838
Author: Alan Agresti, Christine A. Franklin, Bernhard Klingenberg
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 10.4, Problem 49PB
Does exercise help blood pressure? Several recent studies have suggested that people who suffer from abnormally high blood pressure can benefit from regular exercise. A medical researcher decides to test her belief that walking briskly for at least half an hour a day has the effect of lowering blood pressure. She conducts a small pilot study. If results from it are supportive, she will apply for funding for a larger study. She randomly samples three of her patients who have high blood pressure. She measures their systolic blood pressure initially and then again a month later after they participate in her exercise program. The table shows the results.
- a. Explain why the three before observations and the three after observations are dependent samples.
- b. Find the sample
mean of the before scores, the sample mean of the after scores, and the sample mean of the difference scores d = before – after. How are they related? - c. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the population means of subjects before and after going through such a study. Interpret.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Is injecting medical cement effective in reducing pain for people who have suffered fractured vertebrae? A paper describes an experiment to compare patients who underwent vertebroplasty (the injection of cement) to patients in a placebo group who underwent a fake procedure. Because the placebo procedure was similar to the vertebroplasty procedure except for the actual injection of cement, patients participating in the experiment were not aware of which treatment they received.
All patients were asked to rate their pain at three different times—3 days, 14 days, and 1 month after the procedure. Summary statistics are given in the accompanying table.
Pain Intensity
VertebroplastyGroup
Placebo Group
n = 73
n = 76
mean
sd
mean
sd
3 days
4.2
2.8
3.9
2.9
14 days
4.3
2.9
4.5
2.8
1 month
3.9
2.9
4.6
3.0
(a)
Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean pain intensity between the two treatments at 14 days after treatment. (Use ?Vertebroplasty −…
In a study attempting to replicate findings by Stephens, Atkins, & Kingston (2009), each participant was asked to plunge a hand into the icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condition, the participants repeated their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition, they repeated neutral words. The original research showed that, in addition to lowering the participants’ perception of pain, swearing also increased the amount of time they were able to tolerate the pain. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table:
_____________Amount of Time (in Seconds)_
Participant Swear Words Neutral Words
1 94 59
2 70 61
3 52 47
4…
In a study attempting to replicate findings by Stephens, Atkins, & Kingston (2009), each participant was asked to plunge a hand into the icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condition, the participants repeated their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition, they repeated neutral words. The original research showed that, in addition to lowering the participants’ perception of pain, swearing also increased the amount of time they were able to tolerate the pain. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table:
_____________Amount of Time (in Seconds)_
Participant Swear Words Neutral Words
1 94 59
2 70 61
3 52 47
4…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data (4th Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - Unemployment rate According to the Bureau of Labor...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2PBCh. 10.1 - Binge drinking The PACE project at the University...Ch. 10.1 - Smoking and lung obstruction A National Center for...Ch. 10.1 - Do you believe in miracles? Let p1 and p2 denote...Ch. 10.1 - Aspirin and heart attacks in Sweden A Swedish...Ch. 10.1 - Swedish study test Refer to the previous exercise....Ch. 10.1 - Significance test for aspirin and cancer deaths...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 9PBCh. 10.1 - Comparing marketing commercials Two TV commercials...
Ch. 10.1 - Hormone therapy for menopause The Womens Health...Ch. 10.1 - Obama A/B testing To increase Barack Obamas...Ch. 10.1 - Believe in heaven and hell A recent survey asked...Ch. 10.2 - Alcohol and Energy Drinks A 2013 article in the...Ch. 10.2 - Address global warming You would like to determine...Ch. 10.2 - Housework for women and men Do women tend to spend...Ch. 10.2 - More confident about housework Refer to part c in...Ch. 10.2 - Employment by gender The study described in...Ch. 10.2 - Ideal number of children In 2014, the GSS asked,...Ch. 10.2 - Pay by gender The study described in the Exercise...Ch. 10.2 - Bulimia CI A study of bulimia among college women...Ch. 10.2 - Chelation useless? Chelation is an alternative...Ch. 10.2 - Nicotine dependence A study on nicotine dependence...Ch. 10.2 - Inhaling affect HONC? Refer to the previous...Ch. 10.2 - Females or males more nicotine dependent? Refer to...Ch. 10.2 - Female and male monthly smokers Refer to the...Ch. 10.2 - Body language In an experiment investigating body...Ch. 10.2 - Student survey Refer to the FL Student Survey data...Ch. 10.2 - Study time A graduate teaching assistant for...Ch. 10.2 - More on study time Refer to the data in the...Ch. 10.2 - Time spent on social networks As part of a class...Ch. 10.2 - More time on social networks In the previous...Ch. 10.2 - Normal assumption The methods of this section make...Ch. 10.2 - Vital capacity One of the authors of this book has...Ch. 10.3 - Body dissatisfaction Female college student...Ch. 10.3 - Body dissatisfaction test Refer to the previous...Ch. 10.3 - Surgery versus placebo for knee pain Refer to...Ch. 10.3 - Comparing clinical therapies A clinical...Ch. 10.3 - Clinical therapies 2 Refer to the previous...Ch. 10.3 - Vegetarians more liberal? When a sample of social...Ch. 10.3 - Teeth whitening results One scientific test of...Ch. 10.3 - Permuting therapies Refer to Exercise 10.38, which...Ch. 10.3 - Permutations equally likely Refer to the previous...Ch. 10.3 - Two-sided permutation P-value Refer to the...Ch. 10.3 - Time spent on social networks revisited Exercise...Ch. 10.3 - Compare permutation test to t test Refer to the...Ch. 10.3 - Dominance of politicians For a rating experiment,...Ch. 10.3 - Sampling distribution of x1x2 Refer to Example 12,...Ch. 10.4 - Does exercise help blood pressure? Several recent...Ch. 10.4 - Test for blood pressure Refer to the previous...Ch. 10.4 - Social activities for students As part of her...Ch. 10.4 - More social activities Refer to the previous...Ch. 10.4 - Movies versus parties Refer to the previous two...Ch. 10.4 - Freshman 15 a myth? The freshman 15 is the name of...Ch. 10.4 - Checking for freshman 15 Refer to the previous...Ch. 10.4 - Internet book prices Annas project for her...Ch. 10.4 - Comparing hook prices 2 For the data in the...Ch. 10.4 - Lung capacity revisited Refer to Exercise 10.34...Ch. 10.4 - Comparing speech recognition systems Table 1020 in...Ch. 10.4 - Treat juveniles as adults? The table that follows...Ch. 10.4 - Change coffee brand? A study was conducted to see...Ch. 10.4 - Presidents popularity Last month a random sample...Ch. 10.4 - Heaven and hell Results of polls about belief in...Ch. 10.4 - Heaven and hell around the world Refer to the...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 65PBCh. 10.5 - Prob. 66PBCh. 10.5 - Basketball paradox The following list summarizes...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 68PBCh. 10.5 - Prob. 69PBCh. 10.5 - Prob. 70PBCh. 10.5 - Breast cancer over time The percentage of women...Ch. 10 - Pick the method Steve Solomon, the owner of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 73CPCh. 10 - BMI then and now The Centers for Disease Control...Ch. 10 - Marijuana and gender In a survey conducted by...Ch. 10 - Prob. 76CPCh. 10 - Belief depend on gender? Refer to the previous...Ch. 10 - Prob. 78CPCh. 10 - Prob. 79CPCh. 10 - Prob. 80CPCh. 10 - Prob. 81CPCh. 10 - Prob. 82CPCh. 10 - Prob. 83CPCh. 10 - Prob. 84CPCh. 10 - Prob. 85CPCh. 10 - How often do you feel sad? A recent General Social...Ch. 10 - Prob. 87CPCh. 10 - Prob. 88CPCh. 10 - Prob. 89CPCh. 10 - Equal pay in sports? The following data refer to a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 91CPCh. 10 - Prob. 92CPCh. 10 - Anorexia again Refer to Exercise 10.89, comparing...Ch. 10 - Breast-feeding helps IQ? A Danish study of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 95CPCh. 10 - Prob. 96CPCh. 10 - Prob. 97CPCh. 10 - Prob. 98CPCh. 10 - Prob. 99CPCh. 10 - Prob. 100CPCh. 10 - Prob. 101CPCh. 10 - Prob. 102CPCh. 10 - Prob. 103CPCh. 10 - Prob. 104CPCh. 10 - Belief in ghosts and in astrology A poll by Louis...Ch. 10 - Death penalty paradox Exercise 3.58 showed results...Ch. 10 - Prob. 107CPCh. 10 - Prob. 108CPCh. 10 - Prob. 109CPCh. 10 - Prob. 111CPCh. 10 - Pay discrimination against women? A Time Magazine...Ch. 10 - Mean of permutation distribution Refer to Example...Ch. 10 - Treating math anxiety Two new programs were...Ch. 10 - Prob. 115CPCh. 10 - Prob. 116CPCh. 10 - Prob. 117CPCh. 10 - Multiple choice: Sample size and significance If...Ch. 10 - Prob. 119CPCh. 10 - Prob. 120CPCh. 10 - Prob. 121CPCh. 10 - Prob. 122CPCh. 10 - Prob. 123CPCh. 10 - Prob. 124CPCh. 10 - Prob. 125CPCh. 10 - Prob. 126CPCh. 10 - Null standard error for matched pairs Under the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 128CP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardAccording to an article in Science Daily,† women who are having difficulty becoming pregnant sometimes use human growth hormone (HGH) in addition to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) to try to have a baby. A large study found that "there was no strong evidence" that the proportion of women who became pregnant while taking HGH along with IVF was greater than the success rate for IVF alone.arrow_forwardA recent clinical trial compares the use of Drug A to the standard treatment of symptomatic genital herpes. The study involves 10, 000 people with genital herpes who are randomly assigned to receive Drug A or standard treatment. Results of the trial show that the duration of symptoms in patients who received Drug A is 4 days versus 4-5 days in patients who received standard symptomatic measures (p<0.5). The manufacturer of Drug A recommends the use of Drug A in the clinical treatment of genital herpes. Based on the study’s results, which of the following is the most appropriate reason to question the manufacturer’s recommendation? a) The investigators used an inappropriate study design b) It is likely that there was a Type I error c) It is likely that there was Type II error d) The observed difference is not clinically significant e) The observed difference is not statistically significant f) There was insufficient powerarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Hypothesis Testing - Solving Problems With Proportions; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76VruarGn2Q;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals (FRM Part 1 – Book 2 – Chapter 5); Author: Analystprep;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vth3yZIUlGQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY