Given any two distinct vertices of a tree, there exists a unique path from one to the other. a. Give an informal justification for the above statement. b. Write a formal proof of the above statement.
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Discrete Mathematics With Applicat...
5th Edition
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Publisher: Cengage Learning,
ISBN: 9781337694193
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Discrete Mathematics With Applicat...
5th Edition
EPP + 1 other
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
ISBN: 9781337694193
Solutions
Chapter
Section
Chapter 10.6, Problem 18ES
Textbook Problem
Given any two distinct vertices of a tree, there exists a unique path from one to the other.
a. Give an informal justification for the above statement.
b. Write a formal proof of the above statement.
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Expert Solution
Chapter 10 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics With Applications
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addCh. 10.1 - Let G be a graph and let v and w be vertices in G....Ch. 10.1 - A graph is connected if, any only if, _____.Ch. 10.1 - Removing an edge from a circuit in a graph does...Ch. 10.1 - An Euler circuit in graph is _____.Ch. 10.1 - A graph has a Euler circuit if, and only if,...Ch. 10.1 - Given vertices v and w in a graph, there is an...Ch. 10.1 - A Hamiltonian circuit in a graph is ______.Ch. 10.1 - If a graph G has a Hamiltonian circuit, then G has...Ch. 10.1 - A travelling salesman problem involves finding a...Ch. 10.1 - In the graph below, determine whether the...
Ch. 10.1 - In the graph below, determine whether the...Ch. 10.1 - Let G be the graph and consider the walk...Ch. 10.1 - Consider the following graph. How many paths are...Ch. 10.1 - Consider the following graph. How many paths are...Ch. 10.1 - An edge whose removal disconnects the graph of...Ch. 10.1 - Given any positive integer n, (a) find a connected...Ch. 10.1 - Find the number of connected components for each...Ch. 10.1 - Each of (a)—(c) describes a graph. In each case...Ch. 10.1 - The solution for Example 10.1.6 shows a graph for...Ch. 10.1 - Is it possible for a citizen of Königsberg to make...Ch. 10.1 - Determine which of the graph in 12-17 have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - Determine which of the graph in 12-17 have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - Determine which of the graph in 12-17 have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - Determine which of the graph in 12-17 have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - Determine which of the graph in 12-17 have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - Determine which of the graph in 12-17 have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - Is it possible to take a walk around the city...Ch. 10.1 - For each of the graph in 19-21, determine whether...Ch. 10.1 - For each of the graph in 19-21, determine whether...Ch. 10.1 - For each of the graph in 19-21, determine whether...Ch. 10.1 - The following is a floor plan of a house. Is it...Ch. 10.1 - Find all subgraph of each of the following graphs.Ch. 10.1 - Find the complement of each of the following...Ch. 10.1 - Find the complement of the graph K4, the complete...Ch. 10.1 - Suppose that in a group of five people A,B,C,D,...Ch. 10.1 - Let G be a simple graph with n vertices. What is...Ch. 10.1 - Show that at a party with at least two people,...Ch. 10.1 - Find Hamiltonian circuits for each of the graph in...Ch. 10.1 - Find Hamiltonian circuits for each of the graph in...Ch. 10.1 - Show that none of graphs in 31-33 has a...Ch. 10.1 - Show that none of graphs in 31-33 has a...Ch. 10.1 - Show that none of graphs in 31-33 has a...Ch. 10.1 - In 34-37, find Hamiltonian circuits for those...Ch. 10.1 - In 34-37, find Hamiltonian circuits for those...Ch. 10.1 - In 34-37, find Hamiltonian circuits for those...Ch. 10.1 - In 34-37, find Hamiltonian circuits for those...Ch. 10.1 - Give two examples of graphs that have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - Give two examples of graphs that have Hamiltonian...Ch. 10.1 - Give two examples of graphs that have circuits...Ch. 10.1 - Give two examples of graphs that have Euler...Ch. 10.1 - A traveler in Europe wants to visit each of the...Ch. 10.1 - a. Prove that if a walk in a graph contains a...Ch. 10.1 - Prove Lemma 10.1.1(a): If G is a connected graph,...Ch. 10.1 - Prove Lemma 10.1.1(b): If vertices v and w are...Ch. 10.1 - Draw a picture to illustrate Lemma 10.1.1(c): If a...Ch. 10.1 - Prove that if there is a trail in a graph G from a...Ch. 10.1 - If a graph contains a circuits that starts and...Ch. 10.1 - Prove that if there is a circuit in a graph that...Ch. 10.1 - Let G be a connected graph, and let C be any...Ch. 10.1 - Prove that any graph with an Euler circuit is...Ch. 10.1 - Prove Corollary 10.1.5.Ch. 10.1 - For what values of n dies the complete graph Kn...Ch. 10.1 - For what values of m and n does the complete...Ch. 10.1 - What is the maximum number of edges a simple...Ch. 10.1 - Prove that if G is any bipartite graph, then every...Ch. 10.1 - An alternative proof for Theorem 10.1.3 has the...Ch. 10.2 - In the adjacency matrix for a directed graph, the...Ch. 10.2 - In the adjacency matrix for an undirected graph,...Ch. 10.2 - An n × n square matrix is called symmetric if, and...Ch. 10.2 - The ijth entry in the produce of two matrices A...Ch. 10.2 - In an n × n identity matrix, the entries on the...Ch. 10.2 - If G is a graph with vertices v1, v2, …., vn and A...Ch. 10.2 - Find real numbers a, b, and c such that the...Ch. 10.2 - Find the adjacency matrices for the following...Ch. 10.2 - Find directed graphs that have the following...Ch. 10.2 - Find adjacency matrices for the following...Ch. 10.2 - Find graphs that have the following adjacency...Ch. 10.2 - The following are adjacency matrices for graphs....Ch. 10.2 - Suppose that for every positive integer I, all the...Ch. 10.2 - Find each of the following products. [21][13]...Ch. 10.2 - Find each of the following products? a....Ch. 10.2 - Let A = [ 1 1 1 0 2 1] , B = [ 2 0 1 3] and C =...Ch. 10.2 - Give an example different from that in the text to...Ch. 10.2 - Let O denote the matrix [0000] . Find 2 × 2...Ch. 10.2 - Let O denote the matrix [0000] . Find 2 × 2...Ch. 10.2 - In 14-18, assume the entries of all matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - In 14-18, assume the entries of all matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - In 14-18, assume the entries of all matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - In 14-18, assume the entries of all matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - In 14—18, assume the entries of all matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - Let A = [112101210] . Find A2 and A3. Let G be the...Ch. 10.2 - The following is an adjacency matrix for a graph:...Ch. 10.2 - Let A be the adjacency matrix for K3, the complete...Ch. 10.2 - Draw a graph that has [0001200011000211120021100]...Ch. 10.2 - Let G be a graph with n vertices, and let v and w...Ch. 10.3 - If G and G’ are graphs, then G is isomorphic to G’...Ch. 10.3 - A property P is an invariant for graph isomorphism...Ch. 10.3 - Some invariants for graph isomorphism are , , , ,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 1-5, determine...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 1-5, determine...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 1-5, determine...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 1-5, determine...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G in 1—5, determine...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 6-13,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 6-13,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 6-13,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 6-13,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 6-13,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 6-13,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of simple graphs G and G in 6—13,...Ch. 10.3 - For each pair of graphs G and G’ in 6-13,...Ch. 10.3 - Draw all nonisomorphic simple graphs with three...Ch. 10.3 - Draw all nonisomorphic simple graphs with four...Ch. 10.3 - Draw all nonisomorphic graphs with three vertices...Ch. 10.3 - Draw all nonisomorphic graphs with four vertices...Ch. 10.3 - Draw all nonisomorphic graphs with four vertices...Ch. 10.3 - Draw all nonisomorphic graphs with six vertices,...Ch. 10.3 - Draw four nonisomorphic graphs with six vertices,...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Prove that each of the properties in 21-29 is an...Ch. 10.3 - Show that the following two graphs are not...Ch. 10.4 - A circuit-free graph is a graph with __________.Ch. 10.4 - A forest is a graph that is _________, and a tree...Ch. 10.4 - A trivial tree is a graph that consists of...Ch. 10.4 - Any tree with at least two vertices has at least...Ch. 10.4 - If a tree T has at least two vertices, then a...Ch. 10.4 - For any positive integer n, any tree with n...Ch. 10.4 - For any positive integer n, if G is a connected...Ch. 10.4 - Read the tree in Example 10.4.2 from left to right...Ch. 10.4 - Draw trees to show the derivations of the...Ch. 10.4 - What is the total degree of a tree with n...Ch. 10.4 - Let G be the graph of a hydrocarbon molecule with...Ch. 10.4 - Extend the argument given in the proof of Lemma...Ch. 10.4 - If graphs are allowed to have an infinite number...Ch. 10.4 - Find all leaves (or terminal vertices) and all...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - In each of 8—21, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.4 - A connected graph has twelve vertices and eleven...Ch. 10.4 - A connected graph has nine vertices and twelve...Ch. 10.4 - Suppose that v is a vertex of degree 1 in a...Ch. 10.4 - A graph has eight vertices and six edges. Is it...Ch. 10.4 - If a graph has n vertices and n2 or fewer can it...Ch. 10.4 - A circuit-free graph has ten vertices and nine...Ch. 10.4 - Is a circuit-free graph with n vertices and at...Ch. 10.4 - Prove that every nontrivial tree has at least two...Ch. 10.4 - Find all nonisomorphic trees with five vertices.Ch. 10.4 - a. Prove that the following is an invariant for...Ch. 10.5 - A rooted tree is a tree in which . The level of a...Ch. 10.5 - A binary tree is a rooted tree in which .Ch. 10.5 - A full binary tree is a rooted tree in which .Ch. 10.5 - If k is a positive integer and T is a full binary...Ch. 10.5 - If T is a binary tree that has t leaves and height...Ch. 10.5 - Consider the tree shown below with root a. a. What...Ch. 10.5 - Consider the tree shown below with root v0 . a....Ch. 10.5 - Draw binary trees to represent the following...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In each of 4—20, either draw a graph with the...Ch. 10.5 - In 21-25, use the steps of Algorithm 10.5.1 to...Ch. 10.5 - In 21-25, use the steps of Algorithm 10.5.1 to...Ch. 10.5 - In 21-25, use the steps of Algorithm 10.5.1 to...Ch. 10.5 - In 21-25, use the steps of Algorithm 10.5.1 to...Ch. 10.5 - In 21-25, use the steps of Algorithm 10.5.1 to...Ch. 10.6 - A spanning tree for a graph G is .Ch. 10.6 - A weighted graph is a graph for which and the...Ch. 10.6 - A minimum spanning tree for a connected, weighted...Ch. 10.6 - In Kruskal’s algorithm, the edges of a connected,...Ch. 10.6 - In Prim’s algorithm, a minimum spanning tree is...Ch. 10.6 - In Dijkstra’s algorithm, a vertex is in the fringe...Ch. 10.6 - At each stage of Dijkstra’s algorithm, the vertex...Ch. 10.6 - Find all possible spanning trees for each of the...Ch. 10.6 - Find all possible spanning trees for each of the...Ch. 10.6 - Find a spanning trees for each of the graphs in 3...Ch. 10.6 - Find a spanning trees for each of the graphs in 3...Ch. 10.6 - Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find a minimum spanning...Ch. 10.6 - Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find a minimum spanning...Ch. 10.6 - Use Prim’s algorithm starting with vertex a or...Ch. 10.6 - Use Prim’s algorithm starting with vertex a or...Ch. 10.6 - For each of the graphs in 9 and 10, find all...Ch. 10.6 - For each of the graphs in 9 and 10, find all...Ch. 10.6 - A pipeline is to be built that will link six...Ch. 10.6 - Use Dijkstra’s algorithm for the airline route...Ch. 10.6 - Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path...Ch. 10.6 - Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path...Ch. 10.6 - Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path...Ch. 10.6 - Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path...Ch. 10.6 - Prove part (2) of Proposition 10.6.1: Any two...Ch. 10.6 - Given any two distinct vertices of a tree, there...Ch. 10.6 - Prove that if G is a graph with spanning tree T...Ch. 10.6 - Suppose G is a connected graph and T is a...Ch. 10.6 - a. Suppose T1 and T2 are two different spanning...Ch. 10.6 - Prove that an edge e is contained in every...Ch. 10.6 - Consider the spanning trees T1and T2in the proof...Ch. 10.6 - Suppose that T is a minimum spanning tree for a...Ch. 10.6 - Prove that if G is a connected, weighted graph and...Ch. 10.6 - If G is a connected, weighted graph and no two...Ch. 10.6 - Prove that if G is a connected, weighted graph and...Ch. 10.6 - Suppose a disconnected graph is input to Kruskal’s...Ch. 10.6 - Suppose a disconnected graph is input to Prim’s...Ch. 10.6 - Modify Algorithm 10.6.3 so that the output...Ch. 10.6 - Prove that if a connected, weighted graph G is...
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