ow many valence electrons does each of the following atoms have?

nitrogen, Z = 7 c. sodium, Z = 11

chlorine. Z = 17 d. aluminum, Z = 13

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons of the given element is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.

The valence shell electronic configuration of nitrogen is underlined in the actual configuration of nitrogen which is shown as,

He2s22p3¯

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons of the given element is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons of the given element is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons of the given element is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.