Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that the initiation is the first step in the translation process has to be stated.
Concept introduction: Process in which mRNA molecules are converted to protein molecules is known as translation. mRNA molecules, tRNA molecules, amino acids, ribosomes, and a number of different enzymes are required for translation process.
(b)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that an amino acid must be activated before it can be attached to a tRNA molecule has to be stated.
Concept introduction: Process in which mRNA molecules are converted to protein molecules is known as translation. mRNA molecules, tRNA molecules, amino acids, ribosomes, and a number of different enzymes are required for translation process.
(c)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that the incoming tRNA molecules always interact with the A site of an mRNA–ribosome complex has to be stated.
Concept introduction: Process in which mRNA molecules are converted to protein molecules is known as translation. mRNA molecules, tRNA molecules, amino acids, ribosomes, and a number of different enzymes are required for translation process.
(d)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that the shifting of a ribosome three base positions further down an mRNA molecue is called transribation has to be stated.
Concept introduction: Process in which mRNA molecules are converted to protein molecules is known as translation. mRNA molecules, tRNA molecules, amino acids, ribosomes, and a number of different enzymes are required for translation process.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- The codon UAA stops protein synthesis. Why does the sequence UAA in the following stretch of mRNA not cause any problems?arrow_forwardWhat type of RNA has the shortest lifetime in cells?arrow_forwardWhich of the following processes(1) transcription phase of protein synthesis, (2) translation phase of protein synthesis, (3) replication of DNA, and (4) formation of recombinant DNAis associated with each of the events below? a. Amino acidtRNA molecules are formed. b. Anticodoncodon base pairing occurs. c. Restriction enzymes are used. d. Okazaki fragments are formed.arrow_forward
- What are the two important regions of a tRNA molecule?arrow_forwardConsider the following mRNA base sequence 5CUUCAG3 a. What dipeptide is coded for by this mRNA? b. What dipeptide is formed if a point mutation converts CUU to CUC? c. What dipeptide is formed if a point mutation converts CAG to AAG? d. What dipeptide is formed if a point mutation converts CUU to CUC and CAG to AAG?arrow_forwardConsider the following mRNA base sequence 5ACCCAC3 a. What dipeptide is coded for by this mRNA? b. What dipeptide is formed if a point mutation converts CAC to AAC? c. What dipeptide is formed if a point mutation converts ACC to ACU? d. What dipeptide is formed if a point mutation converts CAC to AAC and ACC to ACU?arrow_forward
- Using the information in Table 22-2, determine what amino acid is coded for by each of the following codons. a. GUA b. CCC c. CAC d. CCAarrow_forwardIs the trinucleotide in Problem 22-31 found only in DNA, found only in RNA, or found in both DNA and RNA? Explain the basis for your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is a replication fork?arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes tRNA? a. It is the site of rRNA synthesis. b. It is the product of transcription, and encodes for translated proteins. c. It binds specific amino acids and carries them to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. d. It contains the genome and is the site at which genes are used to make mRNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the genetic code are true and which are false? Correct each false statement. a.Each codon is composed of four bases. b.Some amino acids are represented by more than one carbon. c.All codons represent an amino acid. d.Each living species is thought to have its own unique genetic code. e.The codon AUG at the beginning of a sequence is a signal for protein synthesis to begin at that codon. f.It is not known if the code contains stop signals for protein synthesis.arrow_forwardWith the help of Figure 22-2, indicate whether each of the bases in Problem 22-5 is found in DNA only, RNA only, or both DNA and RNA.arrow_forward
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