(a) Interpretation: State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space. Concept Introduction: Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Question

Kindly answer the following questions from 1 to 3. As per your guidelines, only solve the first three questions. 1. Draw the Lewis structures and predict the hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3), geometry (linear, trigonal, tetrahedral) and bond angles (180°, 120°, 109.5°) for the central atoms in the following compounds. 2. Give the systematic (IUPAC) name for each of the following alkanes, cycloalkanes, bicycloalkanes and alkyl halides. 3. Given the IUPAC name, draw the structure of the following compounds.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In all conformations of ethane, propane, butane, and higher alkanes, all C−C−C and H−C−H bond angles are approximately 109.5Ο

Concept Introduction:

Conformers are spatial three dimensional arrangement of atom of a molecule in space.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: In a cyclohexane ring, if an axial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, axial bonds on the two adjacent carbon are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

Axial is a position on a chair conformation of cyclohexane ring. It is extended from the ring parallel to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In a cyclohexane ring, if an equatorial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, equatorial bonds on the two adjacent carbons are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

In chair conformation of cyclohexane equatorial position extends form the ring almost perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

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Kindly answer the following questions from 1 to 3. As per your guidelines, only solve the first three questions. 1. Draw the Lewis structures and predict the hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3), geometry (linear, trigonal, tetrahedral) and bond angles (180°, 120°, 109.5°) for the central atoms in the following compounds. 2. Give the systematic (IUPAC) name for each of the following alkanes, cycloalkanes, bicycloalkanes and alkyl halides. 3. Given the IUPAC name, draw the structure of the following compounds.

Draw Newman projections for the anti, eclipsed, gauche and fully eclipsed conformations of Butane. Indicate their relative stabilities and the reasons for your ranking-need to discuss the stresses involved in each case. Using suitable specific conformers of specific structures as examples, explain the difference between (a) angle strain (b) torsional strain and (c) steric strain. Need to draw the confomers and structures 4) Draw the most stable conformers using chair structures of the following: (c) cis-1,2-Dibromocyclohexane (d) trans-1,2-Dibromocyclohexane (e) cis-Decalin (f) trans-Decalin . Draw the most stable conformers of trans-1-Bromo-4-methylcyclohexane and cis-1-Bromo-4-methylcyclohexane. Which is more stable? Explain the reason for your answer. Need to include a discussion of 1,3-Diaxial interaction

Which of the following cycloalkanes are capable of geometric (cis-trans) isomerism?Draw the cis and trans isomers.(a) 3-ethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane (b) 1-ethyl-3-methylcycloheptane(c) 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentane (d) 1-cyclopropyl-2-methylcyclohexane

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In all conformations of ethane, propane, butane, and higher alkanes, all C−C−C and H−C−H bond angles are approximately 109.5Ο

Concept Introduction:

Conformers are spatial three dimensional arrangement of atom of a molecule in space.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: In a cyclohexane ring, if an axial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, axial bonds on the two adjacent carbon are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

Axial is a position on a chair conformation of cyclohexane ring. It is extended from the ring parallel to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In a cyclohexane ring, if an equatorial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, equatorial bonds on the two adjacent carbons are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

In chair conformation of cyclohexane equatorial position extends form the ring almost perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In all conformations of ethane, propane, butane, and higher alkanes, all C−C−C and H−C−H bond angles are approximately 109.5Ο

Concept Introduction:

Conformers are spatial three dimensional arrangement of atom of a molecule in space.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: In a cyclohexane ring, if an axial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, axial bonds on the two adjacent carbon are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

Axial is a position on a chair conformation of cyclohexane ring. It is extended from the ring parallel to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In a cyclohexane ring, if an equatorial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, equatorial bonds on the two adjacent carbons are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

In chair conformation of cyclohexane equatorial position extends form the ring almost perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In all conformations of ethane, propane, butane, and higher alkanes, all C−C−C and H−C−H bond angles are approximately 109.5Ο

Concept Introduction:

Conformers are spatial three dimensional arrangement of atom of a molecule in space.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: In a cyclohexane ring, if an axial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, axial bonds on the two adjacent carbon are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

Axial is a position on a chair conformation of cyclohexane ring. It is extended from the ring parallel to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In a cyclohexane ring, if an equatorial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, equatorial bonds on the two adjacent carbons are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

In chair conformation of cyclohexane equatorial position extends form the ring almost perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In all conformations of ethane, propane, butane, and higher alkanes, all C−C−C and H−C−H bond angles are approximately 109.5Ο

Concept Introduction:

Conformers are spatial three dimensional arrangement of atom of a molecule in space.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: In a cyclohexane ring, if an axial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, axial bonds on the two adjacent carbon are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

Axial is a position on a chair conformation of cyclohexane ring. It is extended from the ring parallel to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In a cyclohexane ring, if an equatorial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, equatorial bonds on the two adjacent carbons are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

In chair conformation of cyclohexane equatorial position extends form the ring almost perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: Conformations have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations are any three dimensional arrangement of atoms of a molecule arises due to rotation around the single bond.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In all conformations of ethane, propane, butane, and higher alkanes, all C−C−C and H−C−H bond angles are approximately 109.5Ο

Concept Introduction:

Conformers are spatial three dimensional arrangement of atom of a molecule in space.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In all conformations of ethane, propane, butane, and higher alkanes, all C−C−C and H−C−H bond angles are approximately 109.5Ο

Concept Introduction:

Conformers are spatial three dimensional arrangement of atom of a molecule in space.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: In a cyclohexane ring, if an axial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, axial bonds on the two adjacent carbon are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

Axial is a position on a chair conformation of cyclohexane ring. It is extended from the ring parallel to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: In a cyclohexane ring, if an axial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, axial bonds on the two adjacent carbon are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

Axial is a position on a chair conformation of cyclohexane ring. It is extended from the ring parallel to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In a cyclohexane ring, if an equatorial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, equatorial bonds on the two adjacent carbons are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

In chair conformation of cyclohexane equatorial position extends form the ring almost perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement:In a cyclohexane ring, if an equatorial bond is above the plane of the ring on a particular carbon, equatorial bonds on the two adjacent carbons are below the plane of the ring.

Concept Introduction:

In chair conformation of cyclohexane equatorial position extends form the ring almost perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

Answer 16

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Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.2P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3P Ch. 11.4 - Problem 11-4 Write the molecular formula and IUPAC...Ch. 11.6 - Problem 11-5 Write the molecular formula and IUPAC...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 11.6P Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 11.7P Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 11.8P Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 11.9P Ch. 11 - Answer true or false. A hydrocarbon is composed...

Solution Summary: The author states conformations have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept explainers

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

Chapter 11 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author states conformations have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Concept explainers

(e) Interpretation: State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions. Concept Introduction: A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.

Chapter 11 Solutions

(e)

Interpretation:

State true or false for the following statement: The more stable chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring has more substituent group in equatorial positions.

Concept Introduction:

A six-membered ring is more stable when the maximum number of substituent groups is equatorial.