Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934802
Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine:

The properties in the substances that would be important in the application of transferring power.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution:

The important properties are viscosity and volatility of the substances.

Explanation of Solution

The important properties of the three isomers of hexanol are viscosity and volatility.

Hydraulic fluids are used to transfer power in hydraulic machinery such as aircraft flight, controls, excavating equipment and hydraulic brakes. The power is transferred by the fluid which is distributed through hoses and tubes by means of various pumps and valves.
The three isomers of hexanol which are hypothesized to be potentially suitable hydraulic fluids are 1 -hexanol, 2 -hexanol and 3 -hexanol.

Viscosity is an important property. As hydraulic fluid distributes through various pumps and valves, so viscosity is an important property. Another important property is volatility as hydraulic fluid works over a range of temperatures.

Conclusion

The important properties are viscosity and volatility of the substances.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine:

The description of the experiments that determine which of the three alcohols is best suited for use as a hydraulic fluid.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution:

The best suited alcohol is 2 -hexanol.

Explanation of Solution

Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow. To calculate the viscosity of the three alcohols, steel balls experiment will be carried out. Viscosity is determined by measuring the rate at which steel ball fall through the liquid. As the viscosity increases, the steel ball moves slowly.
In 1 -hexanol, the atoms are arranged linearly and make more contact with each other than the other two alcohols. The intermolecular attractive forces present are very strong due to strong hydrogen bonding. Therefore, its viscosity is highest. Other two alcohols are branched. Hence their viscosity are lower than 1 -hexanol. Viscosity of 3 -hexanol is lowest. Therefore the best suited alcohol is 2 -hexanol because of its medium viscosity.

Conclusion

The best suited alcohol is 2 -hexanol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine:

The hypothesis of the properties that would change from a hexanol to hexanediol and whether experimental procedures be used to explore these properties for hexanediols.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution:

Due to difference in the intermolecular forces of attraction, the properties of hexanol and hexanediols are different. The experimental procedures cannot be used to explore the properties for hexanediols.

Explanation of Solution

The class of compounds called hexanediols is related to hexanols except that they have two OH groups attached to the six carbon backbone.

The viscosity of hexanediols will be different from hexanols. Due to presence of two hydroxyl groups, the hydrogen bonding will be more and the intermolecular force of attraction will be higher in hexanediols.

Due to stronger forces of attraction, hexanediols are mostly solid compounds. The above experimental procedure used to determine the viscosity of hexanols cannot be used for hexanediols because hexanediols are organic solids and the metallic balls does not flow through them.

Conclusion

The experimental procedures cannot be used to explore the properties for hexanediols.

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

Ch. 11.7 - 2.45 The structural formulas of the compounds...Ch. 11.7 - 2.46 Ball-and-stick representations of benzene, a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1DECh. 11 - 2.59 Using the periodic table to guide you,...Ch. 11 - 2.71 Name the following ionic compounds: a....Ch. 11 - 2.83 What is a functional group? What functional...Ch. 11 - The element lead (Pb) consists of four naturally...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5ECh. 11 - The molecules have the same molecular formula...Ch. 11 - A sample of an ionic compound containing iron and...Ch. 11 - The compound dioxane, which is used as a solvent...Ch. 11 - If 3.00 g of titanium metal is reacted with 6.00 g...Ch. 11 - 2.48 Two substances have the same molecular and...Ch. 11 - 2.49 Write the empirical formula corresponding to...Ch. 11 - Determine the molecular and empirical formulas of...Ch. 11 - 251 How many hydrogen atoms are un each of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14ECh. 11 - 253 Write the molecular and structural formulas...Ch. 11 - 2-54 Write the molecular and structural formulas...Ch. 11 - Fill in the gaps in the following table’Ch. 11 - 2.56 Fill in the gaps in the following...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19ECh. 11 - Prob. 20ECh. 11 - Predict the chemical formulas of the compounds...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22ECh. 11 - Prob. 23ECh. 11 - Predict whether each of the following compounds is...Ch. 11 - 2.66 Which of the following are ionic, and which...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26ECh. 11 - Prob. 27ECh. 11 - 2.69 Give the names and charges of the cation and...Ch. 11 - Give the names and charges of the cation and anion...Ch. 11 - Prob. 30ECh. 11 - Give the chemical formula for each of the...Ch. 11 - 2.75 Give the name or chemical formula, as...Ch. 11 - Prob. 33ECh. 11 - 2.T Give the name or Chemical formula, as...Ch. 11 - Prob. 35ECh. 11 - Prob. 36ECh. 11 - Assume that you encounter the following sentences...Ch. 11 - a. What is a hydrocarbon? b. Pentane is the alkane...Ch. 11 - Prob. 39ECh. 11 - 2.85 Chloropropane is derived from propane by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 41ECh. 11 - Suppose a scientist repeats the Millikan oil-drop...Ch. 11 - 2.88 The natural abundance of 3He is...Ch. 11 - A cube of gold that is 1.00 cm on a side has a...Ch. 11 - 2.90 The diameter of a rubidium atom is 4.95 A....Ch. 11 - 2.91 Assuming the dimensions of the nucleus and...Ch. 11 - (a) What is the significance of the critical...Ch. 11 - 2.93 The nucleus of 6Li is a powerful absorber of...Ch. 11 - The element oxygen has three naturally occurring...Ch. 11 - Using a suitable reference such as the CRC...Ch. 11 - There are two different isotopes of bromine atoms....Ch. 11 - 2.99 It is common in mass spectrometry to assume...Ch. 11 - From the following list of elements—Ar, H, Ga, Al,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54ECh. 11 - 2.102 The explosion of an atomic bomb releases...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56ECh. 11 - Prob. 57ECh. 11 - 2.105 From the molecular structures shown here,...Ch. 11 - 2.106 Name each of the following oxides. Assuming...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60ECh. 11 - Prob. 61ECh. 11 - Give the chemical names of each of the following...Ch. 11 - 2.112 Many familiar substances have common,...Ch. 11 - 2.113 Because many ions and compounds have very...Ch. 11 - 2.114 In what part of the atom does the strong...Ch. 11 - In the following diagram, the white spheres...Ch. 11 - In the following digram, the white spheres...Ch. 11 - Prob. 68ECh. 11 - Balance these equations by providing the missing...Ch. 11 - Write the balanced equation for the reaction that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71ECh. 11 - Which of the following is the correct formula...Ch. 11 - Prob. 73AECh. 11 - Prob. 74AECh. 11 - Calculate the percentage of potassium by mass in...Ch. 11 - Which of the following samples contains the fewest...Ch. 11 - In dichloromethane, CH2Cl2 (= 1.60D)), the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 78AECh. 11 - How many oxygen atoms are in (a) 0.25 mol...Ch. 11 - Prob. 80AECh. 11 - Prob. 81AECh. 11 - What is the mass, in grams, of 6.33 mol of NaHC03...Ch. 11 - What is the mass, in grams, of (a) 0.50 mol of...Ch. 11 - How many chlorine atoms are in 12.2 g of CCL4? a....Ch. 11 - a. How many nitric acid molecules are in 4.20 g...Ch. 11 - A 2.144-g sample of phosgene, a compound used as a...Ch. 11 - A 5.325-g sample of methyl benzoate, a compound...Ch. 11 - Cyclohexane a commonly used organic solvent, is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89AECh. 11 - Prob. 90IECh. 11 - Decomposition of KCIO3 is sometimes used to...Ch. 11 - Propane, C3 H8 (Figure 3.8), is a common fuel used...Ch. 11 - Methanol, CH3OH, reacts with oxygen from air in a...Ch. 11 - When 24 mol of methanol and 15 mol of oxygen...Ch. 11 - a. When 1.50 mol of Al and 3.00 mol of Cl2 combine...Ch. 11 - Molten gallium reacts with arsenic to form the...Ch. 11 - When a 2.00-g strip of zinc metal is placed in...
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