Selected Solutions Manual For General Chemistry: Principles And Modern Applications
Selected Solutions Manual For General Chemistry: Principles And Modern Applications
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133387902
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 1E
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In order to describe the covelent bonds and the reasonsvalence bond method is better than the Lewis structures are to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The chemical bonding between two atoms is the result of an overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals and is termed as valence bond theory. The hybrid orbital is formed when the atoms share the unpaired electron to form a filled orbital.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1E

The valence bond theory is better thanthe Lewis theory on facts relating to sigma and pi bonds, the shape of molecules, rotation about double bonds and about odd electron species.

Explanation of Solution

Lewis theory and valence bond theoryexplainabout covalent bonding. But the main difference is that Lewis theory involves only valence electrons and the valence bond theory involves overlapping of orbitals having electrons.

Lewis theory considers covalent bonding to be sharing of electrons, unlike valence bond theory. Besides, Lewis theory does not involve hybridization or overlap of orbitals like valence bond theory where electrons pairin this process.

There are various ways by which thevalence bond theory is superior to Lewis structures while describing covalent bonds.

Some of them are explained as follows:

  1. There is a distinguishing feature between sigma and pi bonds. For instance, double bond appears as two bonds in Lewis theory and there is no indication if the double bond is stronger than a single bond. But valence bond theory clarifies that sigma bond is stronger than the pi bond.
  2. Valence bond theory gives geometry of the molecule as hybridization is involved while Lewis theory does not describe the geometry of the molecule.
  3. Valence bond theory explainsthe rotation within a double bond involving a cleavage of sigma bond while Lewis theory does not explain double bond rotation.
  4. Valence bond theory explains odd electron species.
Conclusion

Thus, the valence bond theory is superior to Lewis theory on facts relating to sigma and pi bonds, shape of molecules, rotation of double bonds and odd electron species.

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Selected Solutions Manual For General Chemistry: Principles And Modern Applications

Ch. 11 - Match each of the following species with one of...Ch. 11 - Propose a hybridization scheme to account for...Ch. 11 - Indicate which of the following molecules and ions...Ch. 11 - In the manner of Figure 11-18, indicate the...Ch. 11 - Write Lewis structures for the following...Ch. 11 - Represent bonding in the carbon dioxide molecule,...Ch. 11 - Use the method of Figure 11-19 to represent...Ch. 11 - Use the method of Figure 11-19 to represent...Ch. 11 - The molecular model below represents citric acid,...Ch. 11 - Malic is e common organic acid found in unripe...Ch. 11 - Shown below are ball-and-stick models. Describe...Ch. 11 - Shown below are ban-and-stick models. Describe...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23ECh. 11 - The structure of the molecule allene, CH2CCH2 , is...Ch. 11 - Angelic acid, shown below, occurs in symbol root,...Ch. 11 - Dimethylolpropionic acid, shown below, is used in...Ch. 11 - Explain the essential difference in how the...Ch. 11 - Describe the bond order of diatomic carbon, C2 ,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 29ECh. 11 - The paramagnetism of gaseous B2 has been...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31ECh. 11 - Is it correct to say that when a diatomic molecule...Ch. 11 - For the following pairs of molecular orbitals,...Ch. 11 - For each of the species C2+,O2,F2+ , and NO+ ; a....Ch. 11 - Write plausible molecular orbital occupancy...Ch. 11 - We have used the term “isoelectronic” to refer to...Ch. 11 - Consider the molecules NO+ and N2+ and use...Ch. 11 - Consider the molecules CO+ and CN- and use...Ch. 11 - Construct the molecular orbital diagram for CF....Ch. 11 - Construct the molecular orbital diagram for SrCl....Ch. 11 - Explain why the concept of delocalized molecular...Ch. 11 - Explain how it is possible to avoid the concept of...Ch. 11 - In which of the following molecules would you...Ch. 11 - In which of the following ions would you expect to...Ch. 11 - The Lewis structure of N2 indicates that the...Ch. 11 - Show that both the valence bond method and...Ch. 11 - A group of spectroscopists believe that they have...Ch. 11 - Lewis theory is satisfactory to explain bonding in...Ch. 11 - The compound potassium sesquoxide has the...Ch. 11 - Draw a Lewis structure for the urea molecule, CO(...Ch. 11 - Methyl nitrate, CH2NO2 , is used as a rocket...Ch. 11 - Fluorine nitrate, FONO2 , is an oxidizing agent...Ch. 11 - Draw a Lewis structure(s) for the nitrite ion, NO2...Ch. 11 - Think of the reaction shown here as involving the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 55IAECh. 11 - Prob. 56IAECh. 11 - The molecule formamide, HCONH2 , has the...Ch. 11 - Pyridine, C2H2N , is used in the synthesis of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 59IAECh. 11 - The ion F2Cl is linear, but the ion F2Cl+ is bent....Ch. 11 - Prob. 61IAECh. 11 - Prob. 62IAECh. 11 - Prob. 63IAECh. 11 - Prob. 64IAECh. 11 - Histidine, an essential amino acid, serves as a...Ch. 11 - The anion I42 is linear, and the anion I5 is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 67IAECh. 11 - A conjugated hydrocarbon has an alternation of...Ch. 11 - An elusive intermediate of atmospheric reactions...Ch. 11 - Resonance energy is the difference in energy...Ch. 11 - Furan, C4H4O , is a substance derivable from oat...Ch. 11 - As discussed in Are You Wondering 11-1, the sp...Ch. 11 - In Chapter 10, we saw that electronegativity...Ch. 11 - Borazine, B2N2H2 is often referred to as inorganic...Ch. 11 - Which of the following combinations of orbitals...Ch. 11 - Prob. 76FPCh. 11 - Prob. 77SAECh. 11 - Prob. 78SAECh. 11 - Explain the important distinctions between the...Ch. 11 - A molecule in which sp2 hybrid orbitals are used...Ch. 11 - Prob. 81SAECh. 11 - The hybridization scheme for the central atom...Ch. 11 - Of the following, the species with a bond order of...Ch. 11 - The hybridization scheme for Xe in XeF2 is (a) sp;...Ch. 11 - Delocalized molecular orbitals are found in (a)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 86SAECh. 11 - Why does the hybridization sp2d not account for...Ch. 11 - What is the total number of (a) bonds and (b) p...Ch. 11 - Which of the following species are paramagnetic?...Ch. 11 - Use the valence molecular orbital configuration to...Ch. 11 - Use the valence molecular orbital configuration to...Ch. 11 - Which of these diatomic molecules do you think has...Ch. 11 - For each of the following ions or molecules,...Ch. 11 - Draw Lewis structures for the NO2 and NO2+ ions,...Ch. 11 - In which of the following is the central atom sp...Ch. 11 - Prob. 96SAECh. 11 - According to molecular orbital theory, the O22 ion...Ch. 11 - What is the angle between the hybrid orbitals...Ch. 11 - Consider the molecule with the Lewis structure...Ch. 11 - Construct a concept map that embodies the ideas of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 101SAECh. 11 - Construct a concept map that describes the...
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