Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511214
Author: Francis A Carey Dr., Robert M. Giuliano
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 1.1, Problem 1P
How many electrons does carbon have? How many are valence electrons? What third-row element has the same number of valence electrons as carbon?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
Ch. 1.1 - How many electrons does carbon have? How many are...Ch. 1.1 - Referring to the periodic table as needed, write...Ch. 1.2 - Species that have the same number of electrons are...Ch. 1.2 - Which of the following ions possess a noble gas...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 5PCh. 1.3 - Prob. 6PCh. 1.3 - Problem 1.7 All of the hydrogens are bonded to...Ch. 1.4 - Problem 1.8 In which of the compounds...Ch. 1.4 - Indicate the direction of the dipole for the...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 1.5 - The following inorganic species will be...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 12PCh. 1.6 - Prob. 13PCh. 1.6 - Problem 1.14 Nitrosomethane and formaldoxime both...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 15PCh. 1.7 - All of the bonds in the carbonate ion (CO32-) are...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 17PCh. 1.8 - Prob. 18PCh. 1.8 - Prob. 19PCh. 1.9 - Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has an ionic bond...Ch. 1.9 - Prob. 21PCh. 1.10 - Which of the following compounds would you expect...Ch. 1.11 - Using the curved arrow to guide your reasoning,...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 24PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 25PCh. 1.12 - Prob. 26PCh. 1.12 - Prob. 27PCh. 1.12 - Prob. 28PCh. 1.12 - Prob. 29PCh. 1.12 - Prob. 30PCh. 1.13 - Which is the stronger acid, H2O or H2S? Which is...Ch. 1.13 - Prob. 32PCh. 1.13 - Prob. 33PCh. 1.13 - Hypochlorous and hypobromous acid (HOClandHOBr)...Ch. 1.13 - Prob. 35PCh. 1.13 - Prob. 36PCh. 1.14 - What is the equilibrium constant for the following...Ch. 1.14 - Prob. 38PCh. 1.14 - Prob. 39PCh. 1.15 - Write an equation for the Lewis acid/Lewis base...Ch. 1 - Write a Lewis formula for each of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 42PCh. 1 - Write structural formulas for all the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 44PCh. 1 - Expand the following structural representations so...Ch. 1 - Each of the following species will be encountered...Ch. 1 - Consider Lewis formulas A, B, and C: H2 C -NN:...Ch. 1 - Prob. 48PCh. 1 - Prob. 49PCh. 1 - Prob. 50PCh. 1 - Prob. 51PCh. 1 - Prob. 52PCh. 1 - Prob. 53PCh. 1 - Prob. 54PCh. 1 - Which compound in each of the following pairs...Ch. 1 - With a pKa of 11.6, hydrogen peroxide is a...Ch. 1 - The structure of montelukast, an antiasthma drug,...Ch. 1 - One acid has a pKa of 2, the other has a pKa of 8....Ch. 1 - Calculate Ka for each of the following acids,...Ch. 1 - Rank the following in order of decreasing acidity....Ch. 1 - Rank the following in order of decreasing...Ch. 1 - Consider 1.0 M aqueous solutions of each of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 63PCh. 1 - Prob. 64PCh. 1 - Prob. 65PCh. 1 - Prob. 66PCh. 1 - Prob. 67PCh. 1 - Prob. 68PCh. 1 - Amide Lewis Structural Formulas Lewis formulas are...Ch. 1 - Amide Lewis Structural Formulas Lewis formulas are...Ch. 1 - Amide Lewis Structural Formulas Lewis formulas are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 72DSPCh. 1 - Amide Lewis Structural Formulas Lewis formulas are...Ch. 1 - Amide Lewis Structural Formulas Lewis formulas are...
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- 1. Answer the following questions about molecule 1. a) circle the most basic atom in molecule b) Provide the structure of the conjugate acid and a resonance structure of the conjugate acid that explain its bascity. HO H+ molecule 1 c) The pKa of the conjugate acid of the most basic atom in molecule is approximately -1. Which of the following acids can completely protonate the most basic atom? (Keq>10³). HI H₂O IZ Cl3C OH (+) NH3arrow_forwardQuestion 3 Some photophysical parameters (lifetime, t, and quantum yield, $) for fluorescence (n = 370 nm) and phosphorence (p = 580 nm) of pyrene, 1-chloropyrene and 1-bromopyrene are given in the table below, as measured at room temperature (RT) and at 77 K in a frozen ethanol glass. фе τη Фл Фр Tp (RT) (RT) (77 K) (77 K) (77 K) (ns) (s) X = H 0.72 530 0.9 < 0.001 0.39 X X = CI 0.22 75 0.59 0.058 0.10 X = Br 0.032 2 0.17 0.085 0.004 fl = fluorescence; p = phosphorescence (a) Construct a Jablonski diagram for pyrene (X = H) at 77K. (b) Pyrene (X = H) has an absorbance maximum, Amax, at 330 nm and a fluorescence maximum, 11, at 370 nm. Why does this difference in wavelengths occur? (c) Explain why the lifetime for phosphorescence is longer than that for fluorescence. (d) Why does the fluorescence quantum yield increase with decreasing temperature? (e) Explain the trend in phosphorescence quantum yield as X is varied.arrow_forwardQuestion 4 The photoisomerization of alkenes is a photochemical transformation between the E- and Z-stereoisomers. The irradiation of the E-isomer (shown below) with radiation at 340 nm gives an E:Z ratio of 5:95. Some relevant information for each compound is shown in the table below. Amax 340nm E290 E340 (L mol¹ cm¹) (L mol¹ cm-1) E 340 nm 8000 20000 PE-Z = 0.60 Z 290 nm 16000 2000 Oz-E = 0.30 (a) The reaction proceeds through an excited state. Explain the nature of this excited state, and explain how it allows formation of the E- and Z-isomers. Explain why this isomerisation is unlikely to occur thermally. (b) The product of the equilibrium shown above gives a final ratio with substantially more of one isomer. Explain why this occurs. (c) Explain why the starting concentration of isomers does not affect the final ratio after irradiation. (d) If the irradiating wavelength used was changed to 290 nm and you started with Z- rather than E-isomer, use the data in the table above to…arrow_forward
- Question 5 The photoisomerisation of cinnamonitriles (shown below) has been used as a model for the molecular transformations that lead to vision in mammals. The outcome of the reaction under various conditions is shown in the table below. CN sensitizer visible light 忌 CN СОН HO.. OH OH N NH 'N' Riboflavin Starting isomer E Sensitizer Riboflavin Radiation No light Final Z:E ratio 0:100 E No sensitizer 402 nm 4:96 E Riboflavin 402 nm 99:1 Z Riboflavin 402 nm 99:1 (a) Explain what is happening in the photoisomerisation reaction above. (b) Give the structure of the intermediate that allows the reaction to occur, and explain how it forms. (c) Explain why each reaction gives the particular E:Z ratio that it does, and why it is considered photostationary. (d) Explain the role of the sensitizer, riboflavin, and why it is a requirement for this reaction. (e) Explain why the irradiation of both the E- and Z-isomers in the presence of riboflavin gives the same result. What would be the final…arrow_forwardCan someone explain this to me?arrow_forwardCan someone explain this to me?arrow_forward
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