Essentials of Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Essentials of Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337098120
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 21P

The previous problem demonstrates that removing individual differences can substantially reduce variance and lower the standard error. However, this benefit only occurs if the individual difference are consistent across treatment conditions. In Problem 20, for example, the participants with the highest scores in the neutral-word condition also had the highest scores in the swear-word condition. Similarly, participants with the lowest scores in the first condition also had the lowest scores in the second condition. To construct the following data, we started with the scores in Problem 20 and scrambled the scores in Treatment 2 to eliminate the consistency of the individual differences.

Participant Neutral Word Swearing
A 9 5
B 9 2
C 9 5
D 4 10
E 10 8
F 9 4
G 6 7
H 10 5
I 6 8

a. If the data were from an independent-measures study using two separate samples, each with n = 9 participants, what value would be obtained for the independent-measures t statistic. Note: The scores in each treatment, the sample means, and the SS values are the same as in Problem 20. Nothing has changed. With α – .05, is there a significant differ­ence between the two treatment conditions?

b. Now assume that the data are from a repeated-measures study using the same sample of n = 9 participants in both treatment conditions. Compute the variance for the sample of difference scores, the estimated standard error for the mean difference and the repealed-measures t statistic. Using α = .05, is there a significant difference between the two sets of scores? (Because there no longer are consistent individual differences you should find that the repeated-measures t no longer reduces the variance.)

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Essentials of Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)

Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2LCCh. 11.4 - A research report describing the results from a...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 4LCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 5LCCh. 11.5 - Which of the following possibilities is a concern...Ch. 11.5 - For which of the following situations would an...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3LCCh. 11 - For the each of the following studies determine...Ch. 11 - What is the defining characteristic of a...Ch. 11 - A researcher conducts an experiment comparing two...Ch. 11 - A repeated-measures and an independent-measures...Ch. 11 - A sample of n = 16 individuals participates in a...Ch. 11 - Resenhoeft, Villa, and Wiseman (2008) conducted a...Ch. 11 - The following data are from a repeated-measures...Ch. 11 - When you get a surprisingly low price on a product...Ch. 11 - Masculine-themed words (such us competitive,...Ch. 11 - The stimulant Ritalin has been shown to increase...Ch. 11 - College athletes, especially males, are often...Ch. 11 - Callahan (2009) demonstrated that tai chi can...Ch. 11 - Research results indicate that physically...Ch. 11 - There is some evidence suggesting that you are...Ch. 11 - In Example 8.1 (page 200) we discussed a research...Ch. 11 - Solve the following problems. a. A...Ch. 11 - Solve the following problems. a. A...Ch. 11 - A sample of difference stores from a...Ch. 11 - Participants enter a research study with unique...Ch. 11 - Swearing is a common, almost reflexive, response...Ch. 11 - The previous problem demonstrates that removing...Ch. 11 - Explain the difference between a matched-subjects...Ch. 11 - A researcher conducts an experiment comparing two...Ch. 11 - A repeated-measures, a matched-subjects, and an...
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