Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337670319
Author: STARR
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 11, Problem 2DAA
HeLa Cells Are a Genetic Mess HeLa cells can vary in chromosome number. Defects in proteins that orchestrate cell division result in descendant cells with too many or too few chromosomes, an outcome that is one of the ha1lmarks of cancer cells. The panel of chromosomes in FIGURE 11.9, originally published in 1989, shows all of the chromosomes in a single metaphase HeLa cell.
FIGURE 11.9 Karyotype of HeLa showing chromosomes in one cell.
How many extra chromosomes does this cell have, compared to a normal human body cell?
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A cat has 38 total chromosomes (19 pairs). If one cell undergoes either mitosis or meiosis, identify the number of chromosomes and chromatids present in every phase of cell cycle. Also, indicate the total number of cells after each type of cell division.
A somatic cell has the genotype DdEe. All chromosomes in this organism are metacentric. Show metaphase and the results of mitosis if the D and E locus are linked on the same chromosome in trans configuration.
YOU DON'T NEED TO EXPLAIN THESE QUESTIONS JUST PROVIDE ANSWER
DNA separates during ____ of mitosis.
a)Prophase
b)Telophase
c)Metaphase
d)Interphase
e)Anaphase
2. What separates during mitosis?
a)Single DNA strands
b)Cytoplasm
c)Sister chromatids
d)Telomeres
e)Homologous chromosomes
3. Oncogenes are associated with cancer because they
Oncogenes are associated with cancer because they (select one answer)
Cause cells to initiate a death pathway
Fail to put a “brake” on the cell cycle
Push cells through the cell cycle
Divert cells into G0 phase
Slow down the cell cycle
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 11 - HeLa Cells Are a Genetic Mess HeLa cells can vary...Ch. 11 - HeLa Cells Are a Genetic Mess HeLa cells can vary...Ch. 11 - HeLa Cells Are a Genetic Mess HeLa cells can vary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1SQCh. 11 - A duplicated chromosome has how many chromatids?Ch. 11 - In the diagrams of the nucleus shown below, fill...Ch. 11 - Homologous chromosomes _______. a. are inherited...Ch. 11 - Most healthy body cells spend the majority of...Ch. 11 - The spindle attaches to chromosomes at the...Ch. 11 - Which is not a stage of mitosis? a. prophase b....
Ch. 11 - In intervals of interphase, G stands for ______....Ch. 11 - Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when...Ch. 11 - After mitosis the chromosome number of a...Ch. 11 - Cytoplasm of a plant cell divides by the process...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12SQCh. 11 - Match each stage with the events listed. _____...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14SQCh. 11 - Prob. 15SQCh. 11 - When a cell reproduces by mitosis and cytoplasmic...Ch. 11 - How is the human life cycle related to the cell...Ch. 11 - The photo on the left shows an early frog embryo...Ch. 11 - The cell above is a lung cell of a salamander. In...Ch. 11 - The eukaryotic cell at left is in the process of...Ch. 11 - Exposure to radioisotopes or other sources of...
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- HeLa Cells Are a Genetic Mess HeLa cells can vary in chromosome number. Defects in proteins that orchestrate cell division result in descendant cells with too many or too few chromosomes, an outcome that is one of the ha1lmarks of cancer cells. The panel of chromosomes in FIGURE 11.9, originally published in 1989, shows all of the chromosomes in a single metaphase HeLa cell. FIGURE 11.9 Karyotype of HeLa showing chromosomes in one cell. Can you tell that this cell came from a female? How?arrow_forwardHeLa Cells Are a Genetic Mess HeLa cells can vary in chromosome number. Defects in proteins that orchestrate cell division result in descendant cells with too many or too few chromosomes, an outcome that is one of the ha1lmarks of cancer cells. The panel of chromosomes in FIGURE 11.9, originally published in 1989, shows all of the chromosomes in a single metaphase HeLa cell. FIGURE 11.9 Karyotype of HeLa showing chromosomes in one cell. What is the chromosome number of this HeLa cell?arrow_forwardAfter mitosis, each daughter cell contains genetic instructions that are ______ and _____ chromosome number of the parent cell. a. identical to the parent cells; the same b. identical to the parent cells; one-half the c. rearranged; the same d. rearranged; one-half thearrow_forward
- The genes below have been knocked out (loss of function). Draw what the cell would look like during the appropriately affected stage of mitosis. State what stage you are depicting on your drawing. (Each gene knockout is occurring in a different cell; you should have a drawing of the affected cell for each). 1. Separase, 2. Cohesinarrow_forwardFigure 6.4 Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis?a. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides. The sister chromatids separate.b. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. The sister chromatids separate. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides.c. The kinetochore becomes attached to metaphase plate. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides.d. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks apart and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides.arrow_forwardA cell in metaphase of mitosis has 20 chromosomes. Therefore, this cell has 40 chromatids. The same cell will have how many chromosomes at anaphase of mitosis? A. 10 B. 40 C. 60 D. 20arrow_forward
- The same chromosome can look very different depending on when in meiosis it is observed. Explain fully why this is so and also why the chromosome is less condensed during some parts of the cell cycle? How many DNA molecules does each chromosome contain at the beginning of Prophase I? Use the following terms in your explanation: chromatin, histone, chromatid, centromere.arrow_forwardHuman body cells are diploid, which mean they______ . a. divide to form two cells b. have two full sets of chromosomes c. contain two chromosomesarrow_forwardA scientist is analyzing the effects of a newly discovered cellular compound. She obtains two samples of diploid cells (2n), each with the same number of cells, and places sample 1 in a saline solution and sample 2 in a saline solution containing the newly discovered compound. She then incubates the cells for 24 hours. A bar graph of the results is shown below. Explain how the compound most likely affected the cell’s progression through the cell cycle, and predict the relative number of cells found in each sample when the results were observed. Support your claims with evidence from the experiment.arrow_forward
- The following diagram shows a simulated microscopic view of a tissue sample taken from a patient where the cells have been squashed onto a slide and stained to visualize the cell's DNA. In the diagram, click or tap on the center of all cells that appear to be involved in any of the four stages of mitosis. Make sure to mark as close to the center of the cell as possible. In the diagram from Question 5, count the total number of cells visible and write the total number of cells in the space below: In the diagram from Question 5, count the number of cells that you had marked as currently undergoing any of the four phases of mitosis. How many cells in total are currently undergoing mitosis? Write this number in the space below: The mitotic index is a calculated value that represents the percentage of cells in a sample that are actively dividing. It involves counting the total number of cells present including those actively dividing or those in interphase, the total number of cells that…arrow_forwardConsider the figure below showing a single cell in metaphase of mitosis. This phase is characterized by the organized alignment of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate. Discuss the importance of having the chromosomes organized in this way for the subsequent phases of mitosis.arrow_forwardHumans have ___ matching chromosomes. A human cell contains these ___ chromosomes because we go through a process called ___________ reproduction. In this process gametes are made which each contain only ___ of each chromosome. Then during ___________, a zygote receives one of each chromosome: ___ from Dad’s sperm & ___ from Mom’s egg. This is what restores the __________ number of chromosomes (46 for humans) that are necessary for life to continue.arrow_forward
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