Concept explainers
Do you view a chocolate bar as delicious or as fattening? Your attitude may depend on your gender. In a study of American college students, Rozin, Bauer, and Catanese (2003) examined the importance of food as a source of pleasure versus concerns about food associated with weight gain and health. The following results are similar to those obtained in the study. The scores are a measure of concern about the negative aspects of eating.
a. Based on these results, is there a significant difference between the attitudes for males and for females? Use a two-tailed test with
b. Compute r2, the percentage of variance accounted for by the gender difference, to measure effect size for this study.
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the result of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.
a.
To find: Whetherthere is a significant difference between the attitudes of males and females using two-tailed testat
Answer to Problem 2RE
There is a significant difference between the attitudes of males and females
Explanation of Solution
Given info:
Two samples of males and females each with size 9 and 15 have means 33 and 42 respectively. Similarly, both of them have sum of squared difference (SS) equal to 740 and 1240 respectively.
Calculations:
Step 1:
Stating the testing hypotheses:
Null Hypothesis
Alternate Hypothesis
Step 2: For the given sample, the t-statistics will have degrees of freedom equals:
For a two-tailed test with
Step 3: t-statistics is calculated using formula:
But before that calculate pooled variance,
Substitute 740for
Now, the formula for estimated standard error of the difference is
Substitute for
Finally, substitute 4for
Step 4: Decision rule: Reject when
Since
Step 5: Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. Based on the results of hypothesis test, wehave sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis at
Hence,reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference between the attitudes of males and females
b.
To Find: The value of
Answer to Problem 2RE
Explanation of Solution
Calculations:
The formula for
Substitute
Hence,
c.
To describe: The outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of the effect size.
Answer to Problem 2RE
Rejectthe null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference between the attitudes of males and females. The measure of the effect size is–2.25 and 0.187 respectively as calculate in part a and part b.
Explanation of Solution
Justification:
As per the rejection rule when
Hence, reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference between the attitudes of males and females
Also effect size from part a. and b. can be measured in terms of t statistic and
Conclusion:
Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference between the attitudes of males and females. Calculated t statistic and
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt