Why do we believe that the valence electrons of calcium and potassium reside in the 4s orbital rather than in the 3d orbital?

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Why do we believe that the valence electrons of calcium and potassium reside in the 4s orbital rather than in the 3d orbital?

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Why do we believe that the valence electrons of calcium and potassium reside in the 4s orbital rather than in the 3d orbital?

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