Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 66SCQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equation for the straight line using the given data has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation:

lnP=(ΔvapH0RT)+C

From this relationship we can calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization by knowing the corresponding temperature and pressure values.

If we have pressures at two different temperatures, then enthalpy of vaporization can be calculated by

lnP2p1=-ΔvapH0R[1T2-1T1]

Boiling point of a liquid: The temperature at which external pressure and vapour pressure of the liquid become same.

Normal boiling point: When the external pressure is 760mmHg we can call it as normal boiling point.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 66SCQ

The equation for straight line is lnP=4928.571T+20.486

Explanation of Solution

Given:

lnP 1/T
2.300.00369
3.690.00342
4.610.00325
5.990.00297
6.630.00285

From the given data we can derive the equation for straight line y=mx+c

Slope=m=ΔvapH0R

Slope=y2-y1x2-x1=5.99-4.610.00297-0.00325=4928.57

In the given graph lnP is plotted against 1/T. Thus we can write the equation as

lnP=ΔvapH0R1T+C2.3=4928.57 ×0.00369+CC=20.486lnP=4928.571T+20.486

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which enthalpy of vaporization can be calculated using the graph has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation:

lnP=(ΔvapH0RT)+C

From this relationship we can calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization by knowing the corresponding temperature and pressure values.

If we have pressures at two different temperatures, then enthalpy of vaporization can be calculated by

lnP2p1=-ΔvapH0R[1T2-1T1]

Boiling point of a liquid: The temperature at which external pressure and vapour pressure of the liquid become same.

Normal boiling point: When the external pressure is 760mmHg we can call it as normal boiling point.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 66SCQ

The explanation for determining enthalpy of vaporization from the graph is given.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Temperature (K) Vapour Pressure (mmHg)
2871
326.810
357.340
381.3100
424.4400

Using the data given we get a straight line graph and it satisfies the straight line equation y=mx+c

In the graph the y axis have lnP and x axis have 1/T.

The equation corresponding to the straight line in the graph is

lnP=ΔvapH0R1T+C

From the slope of the graph we can calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization.

Slope=ΔvapH0R

From the graph drawn,

Slope=y2-y1x2-x1

Thus from the graph we can calculate the slope and using the equation Slope=ΔvapH0R, enthalpy of vaporization can be calculated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The vapour pressure of ethanol at 0°Cand10°C has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation:

lnP=(ΔvapH0RT)+C

From this relationship we can calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization by knowing the corresponding temperature and pressure values.

If we have pressures at two different temperatures, then enthalpy of vaporization can be calculated by

lnP2p1=-ΔvapH0R[1T2-1T1]

Boiling point of a liquid: The temperature at which external pressure and vapour pressure of the liquid become same.

Normal boiling point: When the external pressure is 760mmHg we can call it as normal boiling point.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 66SCQ

The vapour pressure of ethanol at 0°Cand10°C are 11.3atm and 1440.3atm respectively.

Explanation of Solution

We know the equation of the line. Substituting the given temperatures in this equation, we can calculate the vapour pressures.

lnP=4928.571T+20.486

Vapour pressure at 0°C

lnP=4928.571273+20.486P=11.3atm

Vapour pressure at 100°C

lnP=4928.571373+20.486P=1440.3atm

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 11.6 - The molar enthalpy of vaporization of methanol,...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 11.6 - Prob. 3RCCh. 11.6 - Prob. 1QCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2QCh. 11.A - Prob. 1QCh. 11.A - Prob. 2QCh. 11 - Prob. 1PSCh. 11 - Intermolecular forces: What type of forces must be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3PSCh. 11 - Prob. 4PSCh. 11 - Considering intermolecular forces in the pure...Ch. 11 - Considering intermolecular forces in the pure...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7PSCh. 11 - Which of the following compounds would be expected...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9PSCh. 11 - When salts of Mg2+, Na+, and Cs+ are placed in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11PSCh. 11 - The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid mercury is...Ch. 11 - Answer the following questions using Figure 11.12:...Ch. 11 - Answer the following questions using Figure 11.12:...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15PSCh. 11 - Refer to Figure 11.12 to answer these questions:...Ch. 11 - Which member of each of the following pairs of...Ch. 11 - Place the following four compounds in order of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19PSCh. 11 - You are comparing three different substances, A,...Ch. 11 - Equilibrium vapor pressures of benzene, C6H6, at...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22PSCh. 11 - Can carbon monoxide (Tc = 132.9 K; Pc = 34.5 atm...Ch. 11 - Methane (CH4) cannot be liquefied at room...Ch. 11 - What is surface tension? Give an example...Ch. 11 - What factors affect the viscosity of a substance?...Ch. 11 - If a piece of filter paper (an absorbent paper...Ch. 11 - When water is placed in a buret it forms a concave...Ch. 11 - Prob. 29GQCh. 11 - What types of intermolecular forces are important...Ch. 11 - Which of the following salts, Li2SO4 or Cs2SO4, is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 32GQCh. 11 - Prob. 33GQCh. 11 - Prob. 34GQCh. 11 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 36GQCh. 11 - Prob. 37GQCh. 11 - The following data are the equilibrium vapor...Ch. 11 - Prob. 39ILCh. 11 - A hand boiler can be purchased in toy stores or at...Ch. 11 - Prob. 41ILCh. 11 - Prob. 42ILCh. 11 - Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a common laboratory solvent....Ch. 11 - Cooking oil floats on top of water. From this...Ch. 11 - Liquid ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is one of the...Ch. 11 - Liquid methanol, CH3OH, is placed in a glass tube....Ch. 11 - Account for these facts: (a) Although ethanol...Ch. 11 - Prob. 48SCQCh. 11 - Prob. 49SCQCh. 11 - Prob. 50SCQCh. 11 - Prob. 51SCQCh. 11 - Prob. 52SCQCh. 11 - A fluorocarbon, CF4, has a critical temperature of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 55SCQCh. 11 - List four properties of liquids that are directly...Ch. 11 - List the following ions in order of hydration...Ch. 11 - Prob. 59SCQCh. 11 - An 8.82-g sample of Br2 is placed in an evacuated...Ch. 11 - Polarizability is defined as the extent to which...Ch. 11 - Prob. 62SCQCh. 11 - A pressure cooker (a kitchen appliance) is a pot...Ch. 11 - Vapor pressures of NH3() at several temperatures...Ch. 11 - Prob. 65SCQCh. 11 - Prob. 66SCQCh. 11 - Prob. 67SCQ
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