Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 10QAP

Given the following descriptions of reversible reactions, write a balanced net ionic equation (simplest whole-number coefficients) and the equilibrium constant expression (K) for each.

(a) Liquid acetone (C3H6O) is in equilibrium with its vapor.

(b) Hydrogen gas reduces nitrogen dioxide gas to form ammonia and steam.

(c) Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) bubbled into an aqueous solution of lead(ll) ions produces lead sulfide precipitate and hydrogen ions.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A balanced chemical equation for the given description and the equilibrium constant for the expression should be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a general equilibrium reaction as follows:

aA+bBcC+dD

The expression for equilibrium constant of a reaction can be calculated as follows:

K=[C]c[D]d[A]a[B]b

Here, A and B are reactants with stoichiometric coefficient a and b respectively. Similarly, C and D are products with stoichiometric coefficient c and d respectively

In the expression for equilibrium constant, the species in pure solid and liquid state are not written as equilibrium constant does not depend on them.

Answer to Problem 10QAP

K=PC3H6O(g)

Explanation of Solution

According to the given description, the liquid acetone, C3H6O(l) is in equilibrium with its vapor state.

The reaction can be written as follows:

C3H6O(l)C3H6O(g)

The above reaction is already balanced.

The expression for equilibrium constant will be as follows:

K=PC3H6O(g)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A balanced chemical equation for the given description and the equilibrium constant for the expression should be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a general equilibrium reaction as follows:

aA+bBcC+dD

The expression for equilibrium constant of a reaction can be calculated as follows:

K=[C]c[D]d[A]a[B]b

Here, A and B are reactants with stoichiometric coefficient a and b respectively. Similarly, C and D are products with stoichiometric coefficient c and d respectively

In the expression for equilibrium constant, the species in pure solid and liquid state are not written as equilibrium constant does not depend on them.

Answer to Problem 10QAP

K=(PNH3(g))2(PH2O(g))4(PH2(g))7(PNO2(g))2

Explanation of Solution

According to the given description, the reaction of hydrogen gas H2(g) with nitrogen dioxide gas NO2(g) results in the production of ammonia NH3(g) and steam H2O(g).

The reaction can be written as follows:

H2(g)+NO2(g)NH3(g)+H2O(g)

To balance the number of oxygen atoms, give coefficient 2 to H2O(g).

H2(g)+NO2(g)NH3(g)+2H2O(g)

Give coefficient 7/2 to H2(g) to balance the number of hydrogen atoms.

7/2H2(g)+NO2(g)NH3(g)+2H2O(g)

Or,

7H2(g)+2NO2(g)2NH3(g)+4H2O(g)

The expression for equilibrium constant will be as follows:

K=(PNH3(g))2(PH2O(g))4(PH2(g))7(PNO2(g))2

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A balanced chemical equation for the given description and the equilibrium constant for the expression should be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a general equilibrium reaction as follows:

aA+bBcC+dD

The expression for equilibrium constant of a reaction can be calculated as follows:

K=[C]c[D]d[A]a[B]b

Here, A and B are reactants with stoichiometric coefficient a and b respectively. Similarly, C and D are products with stoichiometric coefficient c and d respectively

In the expression for equilibrium constant, the species in pure solid and liquid state are not written as equilibrium constant does not depend on them.

Answer to Problem 10QAP

K=[H+(aq)]2PH2S(g)[Pb2+(aq)]

Explanation of Solution

According to the given description, the reaction of hydrogen sulfide gas H2S(g) and aqueous solution of lead (II) ion Pb2+(aq) results in the formation of lead sulfide precipitate PbS(s) and hydrogen ions H+(aq).

Thus, the reaction is as follows:

H2S(g)+Pb2+(aq)PbS(s)+H+(aq)

Give coefficient 2 to H+(aq) to balance the number of hydrogen atoms.

H2S(g)+Pb2+(aq)PbS(s)+2H+(aq)

The expression for the equilibrium constant will be:

K=[H+(aq)]2PH2S(g)[Pb2+(aq)]

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

Ch. 12 - Write an equation for an equilibrium system that...Ch. 12 - Write a chemical equation for an equilibrium...Ch. 12 - Consider the following reaction at 250C:...Ch. 12 - Consider the following reaction at 1000 C:...Ch. 12 - At 627C, K=0.76 for the reaction...Ch. 12 - At 800C, K=2.2104 for the following reaction...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 12 - Given the following data at 25C...Ch. 12 - Given the following data at a certain temperature,...Ch. 12 - Consider the following hypothetical reactions and...Ch. 12 - When one mole of carbon disulfide gas reacts with...Ch. 12 - Calculate K for the formation of methyl alcohol at...Ch. 12 - Ammonium carbamate solid (NH4CO2NH2) decomposes at...Ch. 12 - Consider the decomposition at 25C of one mole of...Ch. 12 - Consider the decomposition of ammonium hydrogen...Ch. 12 - A sealed flask has 0.541 atm of SO3 at 1000 K. The...Ch. 12 - A gaseous reaction mixture contains 0.30 atm SO2,...Ch. 12 - For the system PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)K is 26 at...Ch. 12 - The reversible reaction between hydrogen chloride...Ch. 12 - The reversible reaction between hydrogen chloride...Ch. 12 - A compound, X, decomposes at 131C according to the...Ch. 12 - Consider the following reaction at 75C:...Ch. 12 - Consider the reaction between nitrogen and steam:...Ch. 12 - At 500C, k for the for the formation of ammonia...Ch. 12 - At a certain temperature, K is 4.9 for the...Ch. 12 - At a certain temperature, K=0.29 for the...Ch. 12 - For the reaction N2(g)+2H2O(g)2NO(g)+2H2(g) K is...Ch. 12 - Nitrogen dioxide can decompose to nitrogen oxide...Ch. 12 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 12 - Consider the hypothetical reaction at 325C...Ch. 12 - At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant...Ch. 12 - At 460C, the reaction SO2(g)+NO2(g)NO(g)+SO3(g)...Ch. 12 - Solid ammonium iodide decomposes to ammonia and...Ch. 12 - Consider the following decomposition at 80C....Ch. 12 - Hydrogen cyanide, a highly toxic gas, can...Ch. 12 - At 800 K, hydrogen iodide can decompose into...Ch. 12 - For the following reactions, predict whether the...Ch. 12 - Follow the directions of Question 47 for the...Ch. 12 - Consider the system SO3(g)SO2(g)+12 O2(g)H=98.9kJ...Ch. 12 - Consider the system...Ch. 12 - Predict the direction in which each of the...Ch. 12 - Predict the direction in which each of the...Ch. 12 - At a certain temperature, nitrogen and oxygen...Ch. 12 - Consider the following hypothetical reaction:...Ch. 12 - Iodine chloride decomposes at high temperatures to...Ch. 12 - Sulfur oxychloride, SO2Cl2, decomposes to sulfur...Ch. 12 - For the following reaction C(s)+2H2(g)CH4(g)...Ch. 12 - For the system 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) K=1.32 at 627....Ch. 12 - For a certain reaction, H is +33 kJ. What is the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 60QAPCh. 12 - Hemoglobin (Hb) binds to both oxygen and carbon...Ch. 12 - Mustard gas, used in chemical warfare in World War...Ch. 12 - Prob. 63QAPCh. 12 - For the decomposition of CaCO3 at 900C, K=1.04....Ch. 12 - Isopropyl alcohol is the main ingredient in...Ch. 12 - Consider the equilibrium H2(g)+S(s)H2S(g)When this...Ch. 12 - Prob. 67QAPCh. 12 - The following data apply to the unbalanced...Ch. 12 - Consider the reaction: A(g)+2B(g)+C(s)2D(g)At 25C,...Ch. 12 - For the reaction C(s)+CO2(g)2CO(g) K=168 at 1273...Ch. 12 - Consider the system A(g)+2B(g)+C(g)2D(g)at 25C. At...Ch. 12 - The graph below is similar to that of Figure 12.2....Ch. 12 - Prob. 73QAPCh. 12 - The figures below represent the following reaction...Ch. 12 - Prob. 75QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 76QAPCh. 12 - Consider the following reaction at a certain...Ch. 12 - Prob. 78QAPCh. 12 - Ammonia can decompose into its constituent...Ch. 12 - Hydrogen iodide gas decomposes to hydrogen gas and...Ch. 12 - For the system SO3(g)SO2(g)+12 O2(g)at 1000 K,...Ch. 12 - A student studies the equilibrium I2(g)2I(g)at a...Ch. 12 - At a certain temperature, the reaction...Ch. 12 - Benzaldehyde, a flavoring agent, is obtained by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 85QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 86QAP
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