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(a)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
Continuous-chain
Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.
When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).
Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.
When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures is different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).
Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.
When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given pair of structures are different conformations of same molecule or different compounds that are constitutional isomers or different compounds that are not constitutional isomers has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
Continuous-chain alkane is the one in which all the carbon atoms are bonded in a linear chain (non-branching chain).
Branched-chain alkane is an alkane which has atleast one branch in its structure that is attached to the continuous chain of carbon atoms.
When a single compound is represented in different orientations which is made possible by rotation about the single bonds in the molecule is known as conformations.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardHexane and cyclohexane are examples of two molecules that are. A . Constitutional Isomers B. cis - trans isomers C. identical D. enanitiomers E . Unrelated with different formulasarrow_forwardExplain What are conformational isomerism?arrow_forward
- 1.Draw all possible isomers of the following compound 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene 2-isobutyl-3-methyl-1-hexene 2.Draw the structural isomers of C4H7I. How many can exist as geometric isomers? 3.Identify each pair of compounds in the image below as identical, structural isomers, geometric isomers or not related.arrow_forwardCompare the two structural formulas in each set. Do they represent the same compound, represent constitutional isomers or represent two compounds which are neither identical nor constitutional isomers?arrow_forward1. The structures of three compounds are shown in the picture. Why do these substances all belong to the same homologous series? A They all contain an even number of carbon atoms. B They all contain the same functional group. C They are all hydrocarbons. D They are all saturated.arrow_forward
- Circle the two structures that are structural isomers of each other.arrow_forwardExplain why two different straight-chain alkanes could not be constitutional isomers.arrow_forwardAccording to Table 2.10, five constitutional isomers are possible for alkanes with six carbon atoms. Write structural and condensed formulas for these isomers.arrow_forward
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