Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The reason behind the father not developing retinoblastoma.
Introduction: Cancer is defined as the condition in which the cells start showing abnormal and uncontrolled growth. The main cause of this condition is due to the mutation in cells. These mutations affect the contact inhibition amongst cells. Retinoblastoma is cancer of eyes in which the retinoblast cells grow uncontrollably.
b.
To determine: The chance that the couple will have another child carrying the mutant allele.
Introduction: The hereditary form of cancer is responsible for bilateral retinoblastoma. Bilateral retinoblastoma is caused due to a mutation in the RB1 gene. This type of cancer occurs due to a mutation in the tumor-suppressing gene and the homozygous condition is required for cancer to occur
c.
To determine: Whether there a benefit to knowing that the son in the given case may develop retinoblastoma.
Introduction: The hereditary form of cancer is responsible for bilateral retinoblastoma. Bilateral retinoblastoma is caused due to a mutation in both the RB1 genes in a person. This type of cancer occurs due to a mutation in the tumor-suppressing gene and the homozygous condition is required for cancer to occur
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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
- A man and a woman have a child with cystic fibrosis. Neither parent has cystic fibrosis. How could this happen? a) Both parents carry the cystic fibrosis allele, and each passed that allele to their child. b) The child had a spontaneous mutation on both copies of their CFTR alleles, leading to cystic fibrosis. c) One parent gave the child two copies of the cystic fibrosis CFTR allele. c) One parent gave the child a wild type CFTR allele, and the other parent gave them a cystic fibrosis CFTR gene.arrow_forwardHemophilia A is caused by a recessive X-linked allele that encodes a defective form of a clotting protein. If a affected father and a mother who is known to not be a carrier have children, what percentage of female offspring will have hemophilia?arrow_forwardA couple is planning a family, but since each has a brother having the sickle-cell disorder, they are worried that their kids might develop the disorder too. Neither of them nor their respective parents have the disorder. Which of the following will be your smartest advice as a genetic counsellor? One of four of their children can be expected to have sickle cell. It is possible that none of their kids will have the disorder, but tests should be carried out on both of them to confirm. All of their children will have sickle-cell disorder. There is no chance of any of their kids having sickle cell.arrow_forward
- Based on the figure below: If children with hereditary retinoblastoma often survive until adulthood and produce children, what is their risk of developing other types of tumors later in life? What is a risk for their children of developing retinoblastoma? Is there the tendency to develop retinoblastoma inherited as a dominant trait or as a recessive trait? Is there one mutant copy sufficient to predispose a person to develop the cancer or two copies are needed to develop retinoblastoma as a cancer?arrow_forwardIn a paternity suit, a woman with type O blood claims that a man with type AB blood is the father of her type O baby. List the genetypes of the mom, man, and baby. Can the woman prove he is the father or can he is not? Why or why not? If the accused man was type A insyead of type AB, what would be his possible genotypes? Could the woman prove he is the father? Can the man prove he is not the father? Why or why not?arrow_forwardThe attached image is a pedigree of a family with a history of sickle cell anemia (the individuals with the filled-in symbols have the disease and no new mutations are occurring in any individual). Sickle cell anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. What is the probability that the individual with the question mark (?) will get the disease? a) 1/4 b) 1/2 c) 2/3 d) 1arrow_forward
- Sickle cell anemia is caused by an individual carrying two recessive copies of the hemoglobin gene (hemoglobin gene is labeled Hb, and the recessive version is Hbs). Thus, to have sickle cell anemia, a person must have the genotype HbSHbS. A person that is HbAHbA carries two copies of the normal hemoglobin gene and does not have sickle cell anemia. A person that is heterozygous (HbAHbS) produces enough normal hemoglobin to not have sickle cell anemia but is also resistant to malaria. People that are heterozygous are called “carriers” because they carry the recessive allele but do not express the recessive phenotype. a. A couple are both resistant to malaria but do not have sickle cell anemia. Draw a Punnett square to represent this cross. b. What is the probability that the couple has three children where one child does not have a recessive allele, one child is resistant to malaria and does not have sickle cell anemia, and one child has sickle cell anemia?arrow_forwardBased on the observed inheritance pattern and ratio of phenotypes, what are the genotypes of the affected children? a) If c- = Cystic Fibrosis, the children are c-/c-. b) If c- = Cystic Fibrosis, the children are C/C. c) If c- = Cystic Fibrosis, the children are C/c-. d) If c- = Cystic Fibrosis, the children are C.arrow_forwardIn Section 12-1, Julie is concerned that she may develop breast cancer, but testing shows that she does not carry the rare high-risk BRCA1 and BRCA2 alleles. What if further testing showed that some of her aunts, her mother, and she carried a common low-risk allele for breast cancer. What would you recommend to Julie if you were her genetic counselor?arrow_forward
- DNA sequencing of your own two β-globin genes (one from each of your two Chromosome 11s) reveals a mutation in one of the genes. given this information alone, should you worry about being a carrier of an inherited disease that could be passed on to your children? What other information would you like to have to assess your risk?arrow_forwardA woman has just been diagnosed with breast cancer. Her doctor tells her that while cancer is a multifactorial disease, she carries the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1. One of her two identical twin 19-year-old daughters is afraid that she also may have inherited the gene.-What considerations would you give her daughter who is worried about inheriting the cancer gene?arrow_forwardWavy hair is intermediate to straight and curly hair. Similarly, medium-sized nose may be inherited if one parent has a large nose and the other parent has a small nose. James has wavy hair, large nose, and type A blood. His father is type O. What is the complete genotype of James? __________________ Nicole has straight hair, medium-sized nose, and type AB blood. What is the complete genotype of Nicole? __________________ Should James and Nicole marry, what is the probability that they will have a: Daughter with the same traits as Nicole? ______________ Son with the same traits as James? ____________________ Child with curly hair, small nose, and type O blood? _______arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning