The monopoly and price elasticity of a demand.
Explanation of Solution
We could possibly say that the mentioned statement is true. There is pure monopoly which is nonexistent. Let us say, that if you need to send a letter, then the only option we think of is the postal service. But in case, the postal service increases the charges of delivering a letter to the adjacent town, to two days by $15, then we will look for alternate options like using a courier, phone or fax the letter. But within the conscious limits, even if the rates are doubled, we have no substitute that can live up to the mark of a postal service, that too at a commensurate rate.
The same can be explained about pure monopoly, when we consider local electricity provider companies in any given town. If you need electricity for lights, fans, etc you can deal only with a sole company. So, it enjoys pure monopoly, even though other sources of energy like oil or kerosene are used for the basic purposes like heating or for the lights, but these are never going to be a convenient option for end users.
The idea of cross elasticity of the demand is used to gauge the presence of alternatives for the commodity of a monopoly company. In case, the cross elasticity of the demand is higher than one, then the demand faced by that monopoly is elastic with respect to the alternate commodities, and the company will have lesser control over price of the commodity, than if the cross elasticity of the demand were inelastic. In other words, the monopoly faces contest from the producers of alternative commodities.
Concept Introduction:
Cross elasticity of demand: Cross price elasticity refers to the percentage change in the demand for goods and services due to the change occurred in the price of other related goods.
Monopoly: It is a market situation, in which only one producer or seller exists in the market. There is a restriction in the entry to the business.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
MICROECONOMICS (CUSTOMIZED CHAPTERS + C
- 1.Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case, justify your classification. LO1arrow_forwardIn view of the problems involved in regulating natural monopolies, compare socially optimal (marginal-cost) pricing and fair-return pricing by referring again to Figure 12.9. Assuming that a government subsidy might be used to cover any loss resulting from marginal-cost pricing, which pricing policy would you favor? Why? What problems might such a subsidy entail?arrow_forwardFigure: Maximum Willingness to Pay P $100 75 45 100 100 110 125 2 125 MR MC What is the profit-maximizing quantity for this monopolist? O 110 75 Darrow_forward
- 11 21. Imagine an N firm oligopoly for "nominally differentiated" goods. That is, each of the N firms produces a product that "looks" different from the products of its competitors, but that "really" isn't any different. However, each firm is able to fool some of the buying public. Specifically, each of the N firms (which are identical and have zero marginal cost of production) has a captive market -consumers who will buy only from that firm. The demand generated by each of these captive markets is given by the demand function Pn A- Xn , where Xn is the amount supplied to this captive market and Pn is the price of the production of firm n. There is also a group of intelligent consumers who realize that the products are really undifferentiated. These…arrow_forwardReference: Ref 11-2 (Exhibit: Profit Maximization for a Firm in Monopolistic Competition) Suppose that an innovation reduces a firm's fixed costs and reduces cost from ATC to ATC'. Suppose further that after the innovation reduced the cost to ATC', it costs a total of $18 per unit to produce 170 units per day. If the firm charges a price equal to marginal cost, total net profit will be: a. $1,190. b. $3,400. c. $1,700. d. $3,060. Note:- Please avoid using ChatGPT and refrain from providing handwritten solutions; otherwise, I will definitely give a downvote. Also, be mindful of plagiarism. Answer completely and accurate answer. Rest assured, you will receive an upvote if the answer is accurate.arrow_forward9. Suppose that the downstream market for widgets is characterized by the inverse demand curve P = 100 - Q. Widget retailer is controlled by the monopolist WR Inc., which obtains its widgets from the monopoly wholesaler WW Inc. at a wholesale price of ww per widget, WW inc. obtains the widgets in turn from the monopoly manufacturer WM ltd. at a manufacturing price of wm per widget. WM Inc. incurs marginal costs of $10 per unit in making widgets. WW and WR each incur marginal costs of $5 in addition to the prices that they have to pay for widgets. What is the equilibrium widget price to consumers, P, the equilibrium wholesale price ww and the equilibrium manufacturing price wm? What is the profit earned by each firm at these prices? Show that vertical integration by any two of these firms increases profit and benefits consumers. Show that integration of all three firms is even more beneficial.arrow_forward
- Draw the demand curve, marginal revenue, and marginal cost curves from Figure 9.6, and identify the quantity of output the monopoly wishes to supply and the price it will charge. Suppose demand for the monopolys product increases dramatically. Draw the new demand me. What happens to the marginal revenue as a result of the increase in demand? What happens to the marginal cost curve? Identify the new profit-maximizing quantity and price. Does the answer make sense to you? Figure 9.6 Illustrating Profits at the HealthPill Monolpolyarrow_forward7. You are the manager of a monopolistically competitive firm, and your demand and costfunctions are given by Q = 36 − 4P and C(Q) = 4 + 4Q + Q2. (LO1, LO3, LO5)a. Find the inverse demand function for your firm’s product.arrow_forwardLet the demand and cost curves for a monopolist be If the government imposes a price ceiling of $100 on the monopolist's price, what is the profit earned by the monopolist without and with the price ceiling? O No ceiling: $10,000 Ceiling: $0 O No ceiling: $10,000 Ceiling: $10,000 O No ceiling: $20,000 Ceiling: $10,000 Q = 1000 - 4P 20000 + 50Q TC O No ceiling: $20,000 Ceiling: $0arrow_forward
- Draw the demand curve, marginal revenue, and marginal cost curves from Figure : , and identify the quantity of output the monopoly wishes to supply and the price it will charge. Suppose the demand for the monopoly’s product increases dramatically. Draw the new demand curve. What happens to the marginal revenue as a result of the increase in demand? What happens to the marginal cost curve? Identify the new profit-maximizing quantity and price. What do you think about the result? Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forward2. Suppose that the market demand for mountain spring water is given as follows: P = 1,200 - QMountain spring water can be produced at no cost. a. What is the profit maximizing level of output and price of a monopolist? b. What level of output would be produced by each firm in a Cournot duopoly in the long run? What will the price be? c. What will be the level of output and price in the long run if this industry were perfectly competitive?arrow_forward9. Suppose Warner Music and Universal Music are in a duopoly and currently limit themselves to 10 new artists per year. One artist sells 2 million songs at $1.25 per song. However, each label is capable of signing 20 artists per year. If one label increases the number of artists to 20 and the other stays the same, the price per song drops to $0.75, and each artist sells 3 million songs. If both labels increase the number of artists to 20, the price per song drops to $0.30, and each artist sells 4 million songs. Explain how revenue payoffs for each scenario are calculated. If this game is played once, how many artists will each producer sign, and what will be the price of a song? If this game is played every year, how many artists will each producer sign, and what will be the price of a song?arrow_forward
- Principles of Economics 2eEconomicsISBN:9781947172364Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David ShapiroPublisher:OpenStax