Chapter 12, Problem 1E

What is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate?

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate is to be determined.

Concept Introduction: The average rate is the rate of reaction over a longer period of time as compared to the instantaneous rate which is the rate at a particular instant. The initial rate is the instantaneous rate of reaction when a reaction commences.

Explanation of Solution

Average rate over a specific time period is defined as the change in a concentration over that period divided by the time interval. The initial rate is the instantaneous rate of reaction when a reaction commences, just as the new product begins to get formed. The instantaneous rate is the rate of a reaction at any specific point in time, expressed as the differential of concentration with respect to time. Thus, the average rate is the rate of reaction over a longer period of time as compared to the instantaneous rate which is the rate at a particular instant.