To review:
The given blank space in the statement, “synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from the instructions in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is called __________________. Synthesis of a protein from the instructions in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is called __________________.”
Introduction:
The central dogma takes place in each and every cell of the body. It was described by Watson and Crick. There are three processes that take place in the cell. These are replication, transcription, and translation.
Explanation of Solution
The DNA in a cell is being replicated continuously when the new cells are made. The formation of the new DNA strands from the previously existing DNA is called replication. For the formation of the proteins, the DNA has to be converted to RNA so that it can be taken to ribosomes. The conversion of DNA to RNA is called transcription. It takes place from 5’ to 3’ direction and thus the DNA strand having 3–5’ direction acts as a template for the formation of messenger RNA.
The messenger pre-RNA is modified by process called splicing and converted to a form that only contains exons. Exons are those parts of the messenger RNA that code for the proteins. The conversion of messenger RNA to the proteins takes place with the help of transfer RNA and the process is defined as translation.
Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is called transcription. Synthesis of a protein from the instructions in mRNA is called translation.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
- Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps that occur in protein synthesis? Group of answer choices a.mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → transcription → translation b.translation → transcription → mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes c.mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → translation → transcription d.transcription → mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → translationarrow_forwardWhere does protein synthesis take place? in the nucleolus on smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the nucleus on ribosomesarrow_forwardThe cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis is the Group of answer choices - Ribosomes - Chromosome - Spindle Fiber - Nucleus - DNAarrow_forward
- The protein sorting pathway involves the following organelles/ compartments in order: a. SER, RER, transport vesicle, Golgi. b. RER, lysosome, Golgi. c. RER, transport vesicle, Golgi, final destination. d. Golgi, transport vesicle, RER, final destination.arrow_forwardTranscription and translation take place in the ________ and ________, respectively. a. nucleus; cytoplasm b. nucleolus; nucleus c. nucleolus; cytoplasm d. cytoplasm; nucleusarrow_forwardIndicate in which category, transcription or translation, each of the following functions belongs: RNA poly-merase, ribosomes, nucleotides, tRNA, pre-mRNA, DNA, anticodon, amino acids.arrow_forward
- What controls the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus? a. endoplasmic reticulum, an extension of the nucleus b. nuclear pores, which consists of membrane proteins c. nucleoli, in which ribosome subunits are made d. dynamically assembled microtubules e. tight junctionsarrow_forwardList the major types of RNA molecules and their functions. Explain the importance of transcription factors. List the steps of transcription List the steps of protein synthesis. Explain the importance of protein folding.arrow_forwardWhere in the cell does translation occur? A. Ribosomes in the nucleus B. Ribosomes on the endoplamic reticulum C. Ribosomes free-floating in the cytosol D. both A and B E. both B and Carrow_forward
- Describe the journey of a protein from the ribosome, to the ER, Golgi and then out of the cell.arrow_forwardA protein is synthesized on a ribosome within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. If the protein needs to be modified and packaged before export from the cell, to which structure is it sent? a. endosome b. Golgi body c. nucleus d. lysosome e. smooth endoplasmic reticulumarrow_forwardWhich of the following proteins would NOT be made on ribosomes that are bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum? a) a digestive protein that is found inside a lysosome b) an ion channel protein that is inserted into the cell membrane. c) insulin protein, which is secreted from the cell. d) a protein that becomes part of the cytoskeletonarrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning