Microeconomics: Principles & Policy
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337794992
Author: William J. Baumol, Alan S. Blinder, John L. Solow
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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As the number of firms in an oligopoly industry decreases, the market moves closer to a __________ market.
Over the last 60 or so years, the percentage of women with paid jobs has increased significantly. Is this increase in female employment associated with an increase in the demand for labor, or is it associated with an increase in the supply of labor?
How does increased immigration affect the labor market? How would the equilibrium wage and the equilibrium quantity of labor be affected?
The pie-chart given below shows the annual global market share of Pepsi and Coke for the last five years on average.
Under what market structure do Pepsi and Coke operate? What microeconomic model can best describe the behavior of Pepsi and Coke? Explain the main theme of this model. Given the obvious market share of both Pepsi and Coke, on what grounds would you justify the multi-billion-dollar annual advertising spending by those two companies?
Suppose, Pfizer Company is the only company allowed by the Sultanate government to sell COVID vaccine in Oman. According to you, what type of market Pfizer Company is having in Oman?
a.
Monopoly market
b.
Monopolistic market
c.
Competitive market
d.
Oligopoly market
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- Assume the market shares of the six largest firms in an industry are 15 percent each. The six-firm concentration ratio would indicate that the industry is highly concentrated, while the Herfindahl- Hirschman Index would not. True OR False? If the inputs to a production process are perfect substitutes and the marginal rate of technical substitution is equal to the ratio of the prices of the two inputs, the firm can choose from a virtually infinite array of combinations of the two inputs to minimize the costs of producing a given level of output. True OR False?arrow_forwardIn January 2007, XM enjoyed about 58 percent of satellite radio subscribers, and Sirius had the remaining 42 percent. Both firms were suffering losses, despite their dominance in the satellite radio market. In 2008, the DOJ decided not to challenge a merger, and these two firms united to become Sirius XM. If you were an economic consultant for Sirius, what economic arguments would you have presented to the DOJ to persuade it not to challenge the merger? Explainarrow_forwardAntitrust laws Cooperation among oligopolies runs counter to the public interest because it leads to underproduction and high prices. In an effort to bring resource allocation closer to the social optimum, public officials attempt to force oligopolies to compete instead of cooperating. Consider the following scenario: Suppose that the presidents of two auto manufacturing companies exchange text messages in which they discuss jointly raising prices on their new lines of hybrid SUVs. This illegal communication would violate which of the following laws? The Clayton Act of 1914 The Celler–Kefauver Act of 1950 The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 The Robinson–Patman Act of 1936arrow_forward
- Why does Pinterest consider Google to be its largest competitor? Pinterest Pinterest places a premium on mobile platforms when developing new products and services.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between collusion and competition? Group of answer choices 1-Competition is when firms operate independently. Collusion is when firms in the oligopoly market structure try to invite new entrants into the market to make it more competitive. 2-Collusion is when firms act together in ways to reduce output, keep prices high, and divide up markets. Competition is when firms operate independently. 3-Competition firms follow the price changes and product changes of the dominant firm in an oligopolistic market. Collusion is when firms operate independently. 4-Collusion is when firms follow the price changes and product changes of the dominant firm in an oligopolistic market.Competition is when firms operate independently.arrow_forwardA profit-maximizing price searcher will expand output as long as marginal revenue either exceeds or is equal to marginal cost, lowering its price or raising its price until the midpoint of their demand curve and highest total revenues are achieved. Why are oligopolies able to earn both short-run economic profits and long-run economic profits, while price taking firms like perfect competitors can only earn short-run economic profits?arrow_forward
- In mid-2010, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela (both members of OPEC) produced an average of 8 million and 3 million barrels of oil a day, respectively. Production costs were about $20 per barrel, and the price of oil averaged $80 per barrel. Each country had the capacity to produce an extra 1 million barrels per day. At that time, it was estimated that each 1-million-barrel increase in supply would depress the average price of oil by $10. Consider the competition between Saudi Arabia and Venezuela as a game. a) Construct the payoff table. b) Do countries have a dominant strategy? c) What actions should each country take and why?arrow_forwardThis is a Microeconomics problem. Two firms A and B operating in the same market must choose between a collude price and a cheat price. Answer the following questions in order. (a) Does Firm A have a dominant strategy? Explain your answer. (b) Does Firm B have a dominant strategy? Explain your answer. (c) Is there an equilibrium solution to the above game? (d) Is this equilibrium solution to the game the most "ideal" outcome for the players? Explain clearly why or why not.arrow_forward
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