Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 5P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The number of individual clones that would have to be screened to have a
Concept introduction:
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, is a biological macromolecule. In organisms, it carries genetic information and is required for protein production, cell reproduction, regulation and
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- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Preparing cDNA Libraries from Different Cells Describe an experimental protocol for the preparation of to cDNA libraries, one from anaerobically grown yeast cells and the second from aerobically grown yeast cell.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. An Estimation of Minimal Genome Size for a Living Cell Studies of existing cells to determine the minimum number of genes for a living cell have suggested that 206 genes are sufficient. If the ratio of protein-coding genes to non-protein-coding genes is the same in this minimal organism as the genes of Mycoplasma genitulium, how many proteins are represented in these 206 genes. How many base pairs would be required to form the genome of this minimal organism if the genes are the same size as M genilalium genes? (Section 1.5)arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Designing Primers for PCR Amplification of a DNA Sequence Given the following short DNA duplex of sequence (53)ATGCCGTAGTCGATCATTACGATAGCATAGCACAGGGATCCA- CATGCACACACATGACATAGGACAGATAGCAT what oligonucleotide primers (17-mers) would be required for PCR amplification of this duplex?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculate the Frequency of Occurrence of an RNAi Target Sequence The RNAs acting in RNAi are about 21 nucleotides long. To judge whether it is possible to uniquely target a particular gene with a RNA of this size, consider The following calculation: What is the expected frequency of occurrence of a specific 21-nucleotide sequence?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Deducing DNA Sequence from Sanger Sequencing Results The output of an automated DNA sequence determination by the Sanger dideoxy chain termination method, performed as illustrated in Figure 11.3, is disp1ayed at right. What is the sequence of the original oligonucleotide?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. CRISPR/Cas9: Design of a gRNA to Target the Human PVALB Gene The human PVALB gene, which encodes the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin, can be Targeted by CRISPR/Cas9, at the protospacer sequence - ATGCAGGAGGGTGGCGAGAGGGGCCGAGAT- followed by a -TGG-PAM trinucleotide. Give the sequence of the spacer region of a gRNA that will target the complementary DNA strand at this site. Include at the 3'-end of your gRNA sequence a region that will form a stem-loop structure with a 5'-AGCAUAGCUGUAAAAC- sequence downstream in the gRNA to create the dsRNA-binding site for Cas9.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Abundance of the Different Bases in the Human Genome Results on the human genome published in Science (Science 291 :1304—1350 [2001]) indicate that the haploid human genome consists of 2.91 gigabase pairs (2.91 X ]09 base pairs} and that 27% of the bases in human DNA are A. Calculate the number of A. T, G, and C residues in a typical human cell.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. B- and Z-DNA Supercoiling Parameters Suppose one double helical turn of a superhelical DNA molecule changes conformation from B- to Z-form. What are the changes in L, W, and T? Why do you suppose the transition of DNA from B- to Z-form is favored by negative supercoiling?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. DNA Supercoiling Parameters A “relaxed,� circular, double-stranded DNA molecule (1600 bp) is in a solution where conditions favor 10 bp per turn. What is the value of L0 for this DNA molecule? Suppose DNA gyrase introduces 12 negative supercoils into this molecule. What are the values of L, W, and T now? What is the superhelical density, ?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculating Tms and Separating DNA Molecules That Differ in G:C Content At 0.2 M Na+, the melting temperature of double-stranded DNA is given by the formula, Tm = 69.3 + 0 41 (% G + C). The DNAs from mice and rats have (G + C) contents of 44% and 40%, respectively. Calculate the Tms for these DNAs in 0.2 M NaCl. If samples of these DNAs were inadvertently mixed, how might they be separated from one another?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculate the Number of Nucleosomes in a Human Diploid Cell Assume that there is one nucleosome for every 200 bp of eukaryotic DNA. How many nucleosomes are there in a diploid human cell? Nucleosomes in be approximated a disks 11 nm in diameter and 6 nm long. If all the DNA molecules in a diploid human cell are in the B-conformation, what is the sum of their lengths? If this DNA is now arrayed on nucleosomes in the beads-on-a-string motif, what would be the approximate total height of the nucleosome column if these disks were stacked atop one another?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. The Sequence Relationship Between an Antisense RNA Strand and Its Template DNA Strand The DNA strand that is complementary to the template strand copied by RNA polymerase during transcription has a nucleotide sequence identical to that of the RNA being synthesized (except T residues are found in the DNA strand at sites where U residues occur in the RNA). An RNA transcribed from this nontem-plate DNA strand would be complementary to the mRNA synthesized by RNA polymerase. Such an RNA is called antisense RNA because its base sequence is complementary to the “sense mRNA. One strategy to thwart the deleterious effects of genes activated in disease slates (such as cancer) is to generate antisense RNAs in affected cells. These antisense RNAs would form double-stranded hybrids with mRNAs transcribed from the activated genes and prevent their translation into protein. Suppose transcription of a cancer-activated gene yielded an mRNA whose sequence included the segment 5’-UACGUCUAAGCUGA. What is the corresponding nucleotide sequence (5’ The template strand in a DNA duplex that might be introduced into these cells so that an untisense RNA could be transcribed from it?arrow_forward
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