College Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781285737027
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12.1, Problem 12.1QQ
By visual inspection, order the PV diagrams shown in Figure 12.5 from the most negative work done on the system to the most positive work done on the system, (a) a, b, c, d (b) a, c, b, d (c) d, b, c, a (d) d, a, c, b
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As shown the pV diagram of a gas undergoing an isothermal compression from point 1 to point 2. Sketch how the pV diagram would look if the gas were compressed from point 1 to the same final pressure by a rapid adiabatic compression.
A. Rank these engines on the basis of the change in entropy of the gas during the isothermal expansion phase of the cycle.
Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
B. Rank these engines on the basis of the change in entropy of the gas during one complete cycle.
Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Consider these scenarios and state whether work is done by the system on the environment (SE) or by the environment on the system (ES): (a) opening a carbonated beverage; (b) filling a flat tire; (c) a sealed empty gas can expands on a hot day, bowing out the walls.
Chapter 12 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 12.1 - By visual inspection, order the PV diagrams shown...Ch. 12.4 - Three engines operate between reservoirs separated...Ch. 12.5 - Which of the following is true for the entropy...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.5QQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CQCh. 12 - Prob. 4CQCh. 12 - For an ideal gas in an isothermal process, there...Ch. 12 - Is it possible to construct a heat engine that...Ch. 12 - When a sealed Thermos bottle full of hot coffee is...Ch. 12 - The first law of thermodynamics says we cant get...
Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CQCh. 12 - Prob. 14CQCh. 12 - An ideal gas is compressed to half its initial...Ch. 12 - A thermodynamic process occurs in which the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17CQCh. 12 - An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a...Ch. 12 - Sketch a PV diagram and find the work done by the...Ch. 12 - Gas in a container is at a pressure of 1.5 atm and...Ch. 12 - A 40.0-g projectile is launched by the expansion...Ch. 12 - A gas expands from I to F along the three paths...Ch. 12 - Sketch a PV diagram of the following processes:...Ch. 12 - A sample of helium behaves as an ideal gas as it...Ch. 12 - (a) Find the work done by an ideal gas as it...Ch. 12 - One mole of an ideal gas initially at a...Ch. 12 - (a) Determine the work done on a fluid that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11PCh. 12 - A cylinder of volume 0.300 m3 contains 10.0 mol of...Ch. 12 - A gas expands from I to F in Figure P12.5. The...Ch. 12 - In a running event, a sprinter does 4.8 105 J of...Ch. 12 - A gas is compressed at a constant pressure of...Ch. 12 - A quantity of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes a...Ch. 12 - A gas is enclosed in a container fitted with a...Ch. 12 - A monatomic ideal gas under-goes the thermodynamic...Ch. 12 - An ideal gas is compressed from a volume of Vi =...Ch. 12 - A system consisting of 0.025 6 moles of a diatomic...Ch. 12 - An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from...Ch. 12 - An ideal gas expands at constant pressure. (a)...Ch. 12 - An ideal monatomic gas is contained in a vessel of...Ch. 12 - Consider the cyclic process described by Figure...Ch. 12 - A 5.0-kg block of aluminum is heated from 20C to...Ch. 12 - One mole of gas initially at a pressure of 2.00...Ch. 12 - Consider the Universe to be an adiabatic expansion...Ch. 12 - Suppose the Universe is considered to be an ideal...Ch. 12 - A gas increases in pressure from 2.00 atm to 6.00...Ch. 12 - An ideal gas expands at a constant pressure of...Ch. 12 - A heat engine operates between a reservoir at 25C...Ch. 12 - A heat engine is being designed to have a Carnot...Ch. 12 - The work done by an engine equals one-fourth the...Ch. 12 - In each cycle of its operation, a heat engine...Ch. 12 - One of the most efficient engines ever built is a...Ch. 12 - A gun is a heat engine. In particular, it is an...Ch. 12 - An engine absorbs 1.70 kJ from a hot reservoir at...Ch. 12 - A heat pump has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 12 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 12 - Suppose an ideal (Carnot) heal pump could be...Ch. 12 - In one cycle a heat engine absorbs 500 J from a...Ch. 12 - A power plant has been proposed that would make...Ch. 12 - Prob. 43PCh. 12 - A heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle between...Ch. 12 - A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 1.00...Ch. 12 - A 65-g ice cube is initially at 0.0C. (a) Find the...Ch. 12 - A freezer is used to freeze 1.0 L of water...Ch. 12 - What is the change in entropy of 1.00 kg of liquid...Ch. 12 - A 70.0-kg log falls from a height of 25.0 m into a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 50PCh. 12 - Prob. 51PCh. 12 - When an aluminum bar is temporarily connected...Ch. 12 - Prepare a table like Table 12.3 for the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 54PCh. 12 - Prob. 55PCh. 12 - Prob. 56PCh. 12 - Sweating is one of the main mechanisms with which...Ch. 12 - A Carnot engine operates between the temperatures...Ch. 12 - Prob. 59APCh. 12 - A Carnot engine operates between 100C and 20C. How...Ch. 12 - A substance undergoes the cyclic process shown in...Ch. 12 - When a gas follows path 123 on the PV diagram in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 63APCh. 12 - An ideal gas initially at pressure P0, volume V0,...Ch. 12 - One mole of neon gas is heated from 300. K to 420....Ch. 12 - Every second at Niagara Falls, approximately 5.00 ...Ch. 12 - A cylinder containing 10.0 moles of a monatomic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 68APCh. 12 - Suppose you spend 30.0 minutes on a stair-climbing...Ch. 12 - Hydrothermal vents deep on the ocean floor spout...Ch. 12 - An electrical power plant has an overall...Ch. 12 - A diatomic ideal gas expands from a volume of VA =...
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- Use a PV diagram such as the one in Figure 22.2 (page 653) to figure out how you could modify an engine to increase the work done.arrow_forwardConsider these scenarios and state whether work is done by the system on the environment (SE) or by the environment on the system (ES): (a) opening a carbonated beverage; (b) filling a flat tire; (c) a sealed empty gas can expands on a hot day, bowing out the walls.arrow_forwardA sample of a monatomic ideal gas is contained in a cylinder with a piston. Its state is represented by the dot in the PV diagram shown in Figure OQ18.9. Arrows A through E represent isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic, and isovolumetric processes that the sample can undergo. In each process except D, the volume changes by a factor of 2. All five processes are reversible. Rank the processes according to the change in entropy of the gas from the largest positive value to the largest-magnitude negative value. In your rankings, display any cases of equality. Figure OQ18.9arrow_forward
- A monoatomic ideal gas is taken through the cycle A → B → C → A shown in the figure. Express the change in internal energy ΔUAB from A to B in terms of p0 and V0. Express the change in internal energy ΔUCA from C to A in terms of p0 and V0. Express the heat QCA flowing into the gas during process C → A in terms of p0 and V0.arrow_forwardYou have a particular interest in automobile engines, so you have secured a co-op position at an automobile company while you attend school. Your supervisor is helping you to learn about the operation of an internal combustion engine. She gives you the following assignment, related to a simulation of a new engine she is designing. A gas, beginning at PA = 1.00 atm, VA = 0.500 L, and TA = 27.0°C, is compressed from point A on the PV diagram as shown to point B. This represents the compression stroke in a fourcycle gasoline engine. At that point, 132 J of energy is delivered to the gas at constant volume, taking the gas to point C. This represents the transformation of potential energy in the gasoline to internal energy when the spark plug fires. Your supervisor tells you that the internal energy of a gas is proportional to temperature (as we shall find in Chapter 20), the internal energy of the gas at point A is 200 J, and she wants to know what the temperature of the gas is at point C.arrow_forwardWhat is the physical explanation for the loss in entropy?arrow_forward
- explain the relevance of cyclical PV diagrams to heat engines. please be detailedarrow_forwardIf I add 12,183 J of energy to an ideal gas inside a balloon causing the internal energy to increase by 5185 J, how much work is done on the environment by the gas as the balloon expands?arrow_forwardCalculate the work output of a Carnot engine operating between temperatures of 600 K and 100 K for 4000 J of heat transfer to the engine. 4563 J 3560 J 3875 J 3333 Jarrow_forward
- 3. 0.5 moles of cinnamaldehyde gas that has an initial volume of ten liters expands under the following conditions: 185°F and 800mmHg external pressure.a. How much work is done? Express your answer in L atm.b. Assuming that the container is cylindrical with a base radius of 10cm and can only expand vertically, how much kinetic energy does a single molecule possesses if it travels from base to base of the expanded cylinder in 10μs? Express your answer in J. (Note that 1L atm=101.325J)arrow_forward0.5 moles of cinnamaldehyde gas that has an initial volume of ten liters expands under the following conditions: 185°F and 800mmHg external pressure. a. How much work is done? Express your answer in L atm. b. Assuming that the container is cylindrical with a base radius of 10cm and can only expand vertically, how much kinetic energy does a single molecule possesses if it travels from base to base of the expanded cylinder in 10μs? Express your answer in Jarrow_forwardWhat is the change in entropy in converting 1.0 kg of ice at 0.0 degree celsius to 1.0 kg water at 0.0 degree celsius?arrow_forward
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