Direct materials and direct labor variances
At the beginning of August, Havasu Primers Company budgeted 30,000 books to be printed in August at standard direct materials and direct labor costs as follows:

The standard materials price is $0.40 per pound. The standard direct labor rate is $12 per hour. At the end of August, the actual direct materials and direct labor costs were as follows:

There were no direct materials price or direct labor rate variances for August. In addition, assume no changes in the direct materials inventory balances in August. Havasu Printers Company actually produced 24.500 units during August.
Determine the direct materials quantity variance, the direct labor time variance, and the total variance.

Concept Introduction:

Direct material variances:

Direct material variances refer to the difference between the standard direct material cost and actual direct material cost incurred. Direct material cost variances are categorized into following two categories:

1. Direct material Rate variance: this variance shows the difference of standard rate and actual rate of material. The formula to calculate this variance is as follows:

  Direct material rate variance = (Actual rate – Standard rate) ×Actual Quantity

2. Direct material usage variance: this variance shows the difference of standard usage and actual usage of material. The formula to calculate this variance is as follows:

  Direct material usage variance = (Actual Quantity – Standard Quantity)×Standard rate

3. Direct material cost variance: this variance shows the difference of standard cost and actual cost of material. The formula to calculate this variance is as follows:

  Direct material cost variance = Direct material rate variance + Direct material usage variance

Direct labor variances:

Direct labor variances refer to the difference between the standard direct labor cost and actual direct labor cost incurred. Direct labor cost variances are categorized into following categories:

4. Direct labor Rate variance: this variance shows the difference of standard rate and actual rate of labor. The formula to calculate this variance is as follows:

  Direct labor rate variance = (Actual rate – Standard rate) ×Actual hours

5. Direct labor efficiency variance: this variance shows the difference of standard usage and actual usage of labor. The formula to calculate this variance is as follows:

  Direct labor efficiency variance = (Actual hours – Standard hours)×Standard rate

6. Direct labor cost variance: this variance shows the difference of standard cost and actual cost of labor. The formula to calculate this variance is as follows:

  Direct labor cost variance = Direct labor rate variance + Direct labor efficiency variance

Or

Direct Labor cost variance = Actual Labor cost − Standard Labor Cost

To Calculate:

The Direct Material Quantity Variance and Direct Labor time (efficiency) variance.

The Direct Material Quantity Variance and Direct Labor time (efficiency) variance are calculated as follows:

Direct Material Quantity Variance:
Actual Quantity (A) (13220/$0.40)	33050	Lbs.
Standard Quantity (B) (15000/$0.40)	37500	Lbs.
Standard Price (C)	$ 0.40	Per lbs.
Direct Material Quantity Variance (D)= (A-B)*C =	$ 1,780...