College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 13, Problem 13CQ
How is momentum related to the pressure exerted by a gas? Explain on the atomic and molecular level, considering the behavior of atoms and molecules.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
College Physics
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- How is momentum related to the pressure exerted by a gas? Explain on the molecular level, considering the behavior of molecules.arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is contained in a vessel at 300 K. The temperature of the gas is then increased to 900 K. (i) By what factor does the average kinetic energy of the molecules change, (a) a factor of 9, (b) a factor of 3, (c) a factor of 3, (d) a factor of 1, or (e) a factor of 13? Using the same choices as in part (i), by what factor does each of the following change: (ii) the rms molecular speed of the molecules, (iii) the average momentum change that one molecule undergoes in a collision with one particular wall, (iv) the rate of collisions of molecules with walls, and (v) the pressure of the gas?arrow_forwardIn the text, it was shown that N/V=2.681025m3 for gas at STP. (a) Show that this quantity is equivalent to N/V=2.681019cm3, as stated. (b) About how many atoms are mere in one m3 (a cubic micrometer) at STP? (c) What does your answer to part (b) imply about the separation of Mama and molecules?arrow_forward
- What is the average velocity of the air molecules in the room where you are right now?arrow_forwardUnreasonable Results The temperature inside a supernova explosion is said to be 2.001013K. (a) What would the average velocity vrmsof hydrogen atoms be? (b) What is unreasonable about this velocity? (b) Which premise or assumption is responsible?arrow_forwardThere are two important isotopes of uranium 235U and 238U ; these isotopes are nearly identical chemically but have different atomic masses. Only 235U is very useful in nuclear reactors. One of the techniques for separating them (gas diffusion) is based on the different average velocities vrms of uranium hexafluoride gas. UF6. (a) The molecular masses for 235UUF6 and 238UUF6 are 349.0g/mol and 352.0g/mol, respectively. What is the ratio of their average velocities? (b) At what temperature would their average velocities differ by 1.00m/s ? (c) Do your answers in this problem imply that this technique may be difficult?arrow_forward
- The air in your room is composed mostly ofoxygen 1O22 and nitrogen 1N22 molecules. The oxygen moleculesare more massive than the nitrogen molecules. (a) Is the rms speedof the O2 molecules greater than, less than, or equal to the rmsspeed of the N2 molecules? (b) Choose the best explanation fromamong the following:I. The more massive oxygen molecules have greater momentumand therefore greater speed.II. Equal temperatures for the oxygen and nitrogen moleculesimply they have equal rms speeds.III. The temperature is the same for both molecules, and hencetheir average kinetic energies are equal. As a result, the moremassive oxygen molecules have lower speedsarrow_forwardConsider nitrogen gas in a container at temperature T = 245 K. A molecule’s average kinetic energy is Kavg=32kBT. Calculate the momentum magnitude p of a nitrogen molecule having this kinetic energy. The momentum magnitude p of the nitrogen molecule is _____ kg⋅m/skg⋅m/s.arrow_forwardIn 10.0s, 284 bullets strike and embed themselves in a wall. The bullets strike the wall perpendicularly. Each bullet has a mass of 5 x 10^-3kg and a speed of 928 m/s. (a) What is the average change in momentum per second for the bullets? (b) Determine the average force exerted on the wall. (c) Assuming the bullets are spread out over an area of 2.76 x 10^-4 m^2 obtain the average pressure they exert on this region of the wall.arrow_forward
- Consider a sample of weakly interacting gas consisting of 1,000 atoms confined in a cubic container of side length 1 cm at a temperature of 300 K. The average distance between neighboring atoms is estimated to be 10 nm. Assume the gas behaves ideally and is described by the ideal gas equation of state. Calculate the average pressure exerted by the gas.arrow_forwardConsider nitrogen gas in a container at temperature T = 245 K. A molecule’s average kinetic energy is Kavg=32kBT. Calculate the momentum magnitude p of a nitrogen molecule having this kinetic energy. The momentum magnitude p of the nitrogen molecule is _____kg⋅m/s.arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes a real gas better? A) gas particles repel each other B) all collisions are elastic C) gas particles are very tiny, but they are not infinitely small (D) gas particles behave according to pV=nRT.arrow_forward
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