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Why is the pH of water at 25 ° C equal to 7.00?
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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
Steven S. Zumdahl + 1 other
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 9781305079243
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Chapter
Section
BuyFindarrow_forward
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
Steven S. Zumdahl + 1 other
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 9781305079243
Chapter 13, Problem 14ALQ
Textbook Problem
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Why is the pH of water at 25°C equal to 7.00?
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The explanation regarding the fact that
Concept introduction: The measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is known as
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
To determine: The reason that
When a substance behaves either as an acid or as a base, it is said to be amphoteric. Water is a molecule that shows amphoteric nature. The autoionization of water involves formation of hydroxide ion and a hydronium ion due to transfer of a proton from one water molecule to another
Chapter 13 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
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addCh. 13 - Define each of the following: a. Arrhenius acid b....Ch. 13 - Define or illustrate the meaning of the following...Ch. 13 - Define or illustrate the meaning of the following...Ch. 13 - How is acid strength related to the value of Ka?...Ch. 13 - Two strategies are followed when solving for the...Ch. 13 - Two strategies are also followed when solving for...Ch. 13 - Table 13-4 lists the stepwise Ka values for some...Ch. 13 - For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb...Ch. 13 - What is a salt? List some anions that behave as...Ch. 13 - For oxyacids, how does acid strength depend on a....
Ch. 13 - Consider two beakers of pure water at different...Ch. 13 - Differentiate between the terms strength and...Ch. 13 - Sketch two graphs: (a) percent dissociation for...Ch. 13 - Consider a solution prepared by mixing a weak acid...Ch. 13 - Explain why salts can be acidic, basic, or...Ch. 13 - Consider two separate aqueous solutions: one of a...Ch. 13 - You are asked to calculate the H+ concentration in...Ch. 13 - Consider a solution prepared by mixing a weak acid...Ch. 13 - Consider a solution formed by mixing 100.0 mL of...Ch. 13 - A certain sodium compound is dissolved in water to...Ch. 13 - Acids and bases can be thought of as chemical...Ch. 13 - Consider two solutions of the salts NaX(aq) and...Ch. 13 - What is meant by pH? True or false: A strong acid...Ch. 13 - Why is the pH of water at 25C equal to 7.00?Ch. 13 - Can the pH of a solution be negative? Explain.Ch. 13 - Is the conjugate base of a weak acid a strong...Ch. 13 - Match the following pH values: 1, 2, 5, 6, 6.5, 8,...Ch. 13 - The salt BX, when dissolved in water, produces an...Ch. 13 - Anions containing hydrogen (for example, HCO3 and...Ch. 13 - Which of the following conditions indicate an...Ch. 13 - Which of the following conditions indicate a basic...Ch. 13 - Why is H3O+ the strongest acid and OH the...Ch. 13 - How many significant figures are there in the...Ch. 13 - In terms of orbitals and electron arrangements,...Ch. 13 - Consider the autoionization of liquid ammonia:...Ch. 13 - The following are representations of acidbase...Ch. 13 - Give three example solutions that fit each of the...Ch. 13 - Derive an expression for the relationship between...Ch. 13 - Consider the following statements. Write out an...Ch. 13 - Which of the following statements is(are) true?...Ch. 13 - Consider the following mathematical expressions....Ch. 13 - Consider a 0.10-M H2CO3 solution and a 0.10-M...Ch. 13 - Of the hydrogen halides, only HF is a weak acid....Ch. 13 - Explain why the following are done, both of which...Ch. 13 - Write balanced equations that describe the...Ch. 13 - Write the dissociation reaction and the...Ch. 13 - For each of the following aqueous reactions,...Ch. 13 - For each of the following aqueous reactions,...Ch. 13 - Classify each of the following as a strong acid or...Ch. 13 - Consider the following illustrations: Which beaker...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-2 to order the following from the...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-2 to order the following from the...Ch. 13 - You may need Table 13-2 to answer the following...Ch. 13 - You may need Table 13-2 to answer the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the [OH] of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the [H+] of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Values of Kw as a function of temperature are as...Ch. 13 - At 40.C the value of Kw is 2.92 1014. a....Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH and pOH of the solutions in...Ch. 13 - Calculate [H+] and [OH] for each solution at 25C....Ch. 13 - Fill in the missing information in the following...Ch. 13 - Fill in the missing information in the following...Ch. 13 - The pH of a sample of gastric juice in a persons...Ch. 13 - The pOH of a sample of baking soda dissolved in...Ch. 13 - What are the major species present in 0.250 M...Ch. 13 - A solution is prepared by adding 50.0 mL of 0.050...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentration of an aqueous HI...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentration of an aqueous HBr...Ch. 13 - How would you prepare 1600 mL of a pH = 1.50...Ch. 13 - A solution is prepared by adding 50.0 mL...Ch. 13 - What are the major species present in 0.250 M...Ch. 13 - What are the major species present in 0.250 M...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentration of all species present...Ch. 13 - Calculate the percent dissociation for a 0.22-M...Ch. 13 - For propanoic acid (HC3H5O2, Ka = 1.3 105),...Ch. 13 - A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.56 g...Ch. 13 - Monochloroacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a skin...Ch. 13 - A typical aspirin tablet contains 325 mg...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 1.0 M...Ch. 13 - A solution is made by adding 50.0 mL of 0.200 M...Ch. 13 - Calculate the percent dissociation of the acid in...Ch. 13 - Using the Ka values in Table 13-2, calculate the...Ch. 13 - A 0.15-M solution of a weak acid is 3.0%...Ch. 13 - An acid HX is 25% dissociated in water. If the...Ch. 13 - Trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H) is a corrosive...Ch. 13 - The pH of a 0.063-M solution of hypobromous acid...Ch. 13 - A solution of formic acid (HCOOH, Ka = 1.8 104)...Ch. 13 - A typical sample of vinegar has a pH of 3.0....Ch. 13 - One mole of a weak acid HA was dissolved in 2.0 L...Ch. 13 - You have 100.0 g saccharin, a sugar substitute,...Ch. 13 - Write the reaction and the corresponding Kb...Ch. 13 - Write the reaction and the corresponding Kb...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-3 to help order the following bases...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-3 to help order the following acids...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-3 to help answer the following...Ch. 13 - Use Table 13-3 to help answer the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of the following solutions. a....Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH], pOH, and pH for each of the...Ch. 13 - What are the major species present in 0.015 M...Ch. 13 - What are the major species present in the...Ch. 13 - What mass of KOH is necessary to prepare 800.0 mL...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentration of an aqueous Sr(OH)2...Ch. 13 - What are the major species present in a 0.150-M...Ch. 13 - For the reaction of hydrazine (N2H4) in water,...Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH], [H+], and the pH of 0.20 M...Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH], [H+], and the pH of 0.40 M...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.20-M C2H5NH2 solution (Kb...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.050-M (C2H5)2NH...Ch. 13 - What is the percent ionization in each of the...Ch. 13 - Calculate the percentage of pyridine (C5H5N) that...Ch. 13 - The pH of a 0.016-M aqueous solution of...Ch. 13 - Calculate the mass of HONH2 required to dissolve...Ch. 13 - Write out the stepwise Ka reactions for the...Ch. 13 - Write out the stepwise Ka reactions for citric...Ch. 13 - A typical vitamin C tablet (containing pure...Ch. 13 - Arsenic acid (H3AsO4) is a triprotic acid with Ka1...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH and [S2] in a 0.10-M H2S...Ch. 13 - Calculate [CO32] in a 0.010-M solution of CO2 in...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 2.0-M H2SO4 solution.Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 5.0 103-M solution of...Ch. 13 - Arrange the following 0.10 M solutions in order of...Ch. 13 - Arrange the following 0.10 M solutions in order...Ch. 13 - Given that the Ka value for acetic acid is 1.8 ...Ch. 13 - The Kb values for ammonia and methylamine are 1.8 ...Ch. 13 - Determine [OH], [H+], and the pH of each of the...Ch. 13 - Calculate the concentrations of all species...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 13 - Sodium azide (NaN3) is sometimes added to water to...Ch. 13 - Papaverine hydrochloride (abbreviated papH+Cl;...Ch. 13 - An unknown salt is either NaCN, NaC2H3O2, NaF,...Ch. 13 - Consider a solution of an unknown salt having the...Ch. 13 - A 0.050-M solution of the salt NaB has a pH of...Ch. 13 - A 0.20-M sodium chlorobenzoate (NaC7H4ClO2)...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.050-M Al(NO3)3 solution....Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.10-M CoCl3 solution. The...Ch. 13 - Are solutions of the following salts acidic,...Ch. 13 - Are solutions of the following salts acidic,...Ch. 13 - Place the species in each of the following groups...Ch. 13 - Place the species in each of the following groups...Ch. 13 - Place the species in each of the following groups...Ch. 13 - Using your results from Exercise 133, place the...Ch. 13 - Will the following oxides give acidic, basic, or...Ch. 13 - Will the following oxides give acidic, basic, or...Ch. 13 - Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in each...Ch. 13 - Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in each...Ch. 13 - Aluminum hydroxide is an amphoteric substance. It...Ch. 13 - Zinc hydroxide is an amphoteric substance. Write...Ch. 13 - Would you expect Fe3+ or Fe2+ to be the stronger...Ch. 13 - Use the Lewis acid-base model to explain the...Ch. 13 - A 10.0-mL sample of an HCl solution has a pH of...Ch. 13 - Which of the following represent conjugate...Ch. 13 - A solution is tested for pH and conductivity as...Ch. 13 - The pH of human blood is steady at a value of...Ch. 13 - Hemoglobin (abbreviated Hb) is a protein that is...Ch. 13 - A 0.25-g sample of lime (CaO) is dissolved in...Ch. 13 - At 25C, a saturated solution of benzoic acid (Ka =...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution containing...Ch. 13 - Acrylic acid (CH29CHCO2H) is a precursor for many...Ch. 13 - Classify each of the following as a strong acid,...Ch. 13 - The following illustration displays the relative...Ch. 13 - Quinine (C20H24N2O2) is the most important...Ch. 13 - Codeine (C18H21NO3) is a derivative of morphine...Ch. 13 - A codeine-containing cough syrup lists codeine...Ch. 13 - The equilibrium constant Ka for the reaction...Ch. 13 - Rank the following 0.10 M solutions in order of...Ch. 13 - Is an aqueous solution of NaHSO4 acidic, basic, or...Ch. 13 - Calculate the value for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 13 - Students are often surprised to learn that organic...Ch. 13 - For solutions of the same concentration, as acid...Ch. 13 - Complete the table for each of the following...Ch. 13 - Consider a 0.60-M solution of HC3H5O3, lactic acid...Ch. 13 - Consider a 0.67-M solution of C2H5NH2 (Kb = 5.6 ...Ch. 13 - Rank the following 0.10 M solutions in order of...Ch. 13 - Consider 0.25 M solutions of the following salts:...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of the following solutions: a....Ch. 13 - Consider 0.10 M solutions of the following...Ch. 13 - The pH of 1.0 108 M hydrochloric acid is not...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 1.0 107-M solution of NaOH...Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH] in a 3.0 107-M solution of Ca(OH)2.Ch. 13 - Consider 50.0 mL of a solution of weak acid HA (Ka...Ch. 13 - Making use of the assumptions we ordinarily make...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.200-M solution of C5H5NHF....Ch. 13 - Determine the pH of a 0.50-M solution of NH4OCl....Ch. 13 - Calculate [OH] in a solution obtained by adding...Ch. 13 - What mass of NaOH(s) must be added to 1.0 L of...Ch. 13 - Consider 1000. mL of a 1.00 104-M solution of a...Ch. 13 - Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that must...Ch. 13 - Consider the species PO43, HPO42, and H2PO4. Each...Ch. 13 - Calculate the pH of a 0.10-M solution of sodium...Ch. 13 - Will 0.10 M solutions of the following salts be...Ch. 13 - a. The principal equilibrium in a solution of...Ch. 13 - A 0.100-g sample of the weak acid HA (molar mass =...Ch. 13 - A sample containing 0.0500 mole of Fe2(SO4)3 is...Ch. 13 - A 2.14 g sample of sodium hypoiodite is dissolved...Ch. 13 - Isocyanic acid (HNCO) can be prepared by heating...Ch. 13 - A certain acid, HA, has a vapor density of 5.11...Ch. 13 - An aqueous solution contains a mixture of 0.0500 M...Ch. 13 - For the following, mix equal volumes of one...
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