Chemistry-Connect Plus Access
Chemistry-Connect Plus Access
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780077574260
Author: Burdge
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 1KSP

Which of the following processes is accompanied by an increase in entropy? (Select all that apply.)

( a ) Br 2 ( l )    Br 2 ( g ) ( b ) NH 3 ( g )  + HCl ( g )  NH 4 Cl ( s ) ( c ) NaCl ( s ) Na + ( g )  + Cl  ( g ) ( d ) H 2 ( g )  + O 2 ( g )   2H 2 O( l )

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The processes accompanied by an increase in entropy are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy is the measure of randomness in a thermodynamic system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases. Such systems spontaneously evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium, the state with maximum entropy.

The processes in which entropy increases are called endothermic processes.

The processes in which entropy decreases are called exothermic processes.

Answer to Problem 1KSP

Correct answer:Options (a) and(c).

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct options:

The reaction is shown below:

Br2(l)BR2(g)

In the given reaction, bromine changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state. In the conversion of a liquid to its gaseous state, the volume occupied by the molecules increases. The particles are no longer locked in a place. Because they are now free to move, they can distribute themselves in more ways. Gases have the highest entropy values because they have the greatest freedom of movement. Therefore, the entropyfor this process increases.

The reaction is shown below:

NaCl(s)Na+(g)+Cl(g)

In the given reaction, solid sodium chloride is converting into its gaseous state. When a solid gets converted into thegaseous state, the molecules are free to move, due to which the distribution of energy increases and hence, entropy increases.

Hence, options(a) and(c) are correct.

Reasons for the incorrect option:

The reaction is as follows:

NH3(g)+HCl(g)NH4Cl(s)

The given reaction is option (b). It is incorrect because in this reaction, entropy decreases as the gaseous state gets converted to the solid state, that is, the volume occupied by molecules is decreasing. The particles in solid state are locked in place and highly ordered. So, it is an incorrect answer.

The reaction is as follows:

H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(l)

The given reaction is option(d). It is incorrect because in this reaction, entropy decreases as the gaseous state gets converted to theliquid state, that is, the volume occupied by molecules is decreasing. So, it is an incorrect answer.

Hence, options (b) and (d) are incorrect.

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Chapter 13 Solutions

Chemistry-Connect Plus Access

Ch. 13.3 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The diagrams...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 1CPCh. 13.3 - What is the molality of a solution prepared by...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3CPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CPCh. 13.4 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 13.4 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The first diagram...Ch. 13.4 - The solubility of N2 in water at 25°C and an N 2...Ch. 13.4 - Calculate the molar concentration of O 2 in water...Ch. 13.5 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the vapor...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 13.5 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE The diagrams...Ch. 13.5 - 13.5.1 A solution contains 75.0 g of glucose...Ch. 13.5 - Determine the boiling point and the freezing point...Ch. 13.5 - 13.5.3 Calculate the osmotic pressure of a...Ch. 13.5 - 13.5.4 A 1.00-m solution of has a freezing point...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 1PPACh. 13.6 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 13.6 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The diagrams...Ch. 13.6 - 13.6.1 A solution made by dissolving 14.2 g of...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 2CPCh. 13.7 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT The freezing-point...Ch. 13.7 - Practice ProblemBUILD Using the experimental van't...Ch. 13.7 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The diagram...Ch. 13.8 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Determine the osmotic...Ch. 13.8 - Practice Problem BUILD Determine the...Ch. 13.8 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The first diagram...Ch. 13.9 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Calculate the molar mass...Ch. 13.9 - Practice Problem BUILD What mass of naphthalene...Ch. 13.9 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The first diagram...Ch. 13.10 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT A solution made by...Ch. 13.10 - Practice Problem BUILD What mass of insulin must...Ch. 13.10 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE The first diagram...Ch. 13.11 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT An aqueous solution that...Ch. 13.11 - Practice Problem BUILD An aqueous solution that is...Ch. 13.11 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The diagrams...Ch. 13 - Which of the following processes is accompanied by...Ch. 13 - 13.2 For each of the processes depicted here,...Ch. 13 - 13.3 For each of the processes depicted here,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4KSPCh. 13 - Describe and give examples of an unsaturated...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QPCh. 13 - Prob. 3QPCh. 13 - Prob. 4QPCh. 13 - Prob. 5QPCh. 13 - As you know, some solution processes are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7QPCh. 13 - 13.8 Describe the factors that affect the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9QPCh. 13 - Prob. 10QPCh. 13 - Prob. 11QPCh. 13 - Prob. 12QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13QPCh. 13 - Prob. 14QPCh. 13 - Prob. 15QPCh. 13 - Prob. 16QPCh. 13 - Prob. 17QPCh. 13 - Prob. 18QPCh. 13 - Prob. 19QPCh. 13 - Prob. 20QPCh. 13 - 13.21 The alcohol content of hard liquor is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 22QPCh. 13 - Prob. 23QPCh. 13 - 13.24 The density of an aqueous solution...Ch. 13 - Prob. 25QPCh. 13 - Prob. 26QPCh. 13 - Prob. 27QPCh. 13 - What is thermal pollution? Why is it harmful to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 29QPCh. 13 - A student is observing two beakers of water. One...Ch. 13 - Prob. 31QPCh. 13 - Prob. 32QPCh. 13 - The solubility of KNO 3 is 155 g per 100 g of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 34QPCh. 13 - 13.35 The solubility of in water at What is its...Ch. 13 - Prob. 36QPCh. 13 - Prob. 37QPCh. 13 - Prob. 38QPCh. 13 - Prob. 39QPCh. 13 - Prob. 40QPCh. 13 - Prob. 41QPCh. 13 - Prob. 42QPCh. 13 - Prob. 43QPCh. 13 - Prob. 44QPCh. 13 - Prob. 45QPCh. 13 - 13.46 Write the equations relating boiling-point...Ch. 13 - Prob. 47QPCh. 13 - Prob. 48QPCh. 13 - Prob. 49QPCh. 13 - Prob. 50QPCh. 13 - Prob. 51QPCh. 13 - Prob. 52QPCh. 13 - Prob. 53QPCh. 13 - What are ion pairs? What effect does ion-pair...Ch. 13 - Prob. 55QPCh. 13 - Prob. 56QPCh. 13 - 13.57 A solution is prepared by dissolving 396 g...Ch. 13 - Prob. 58QPCh. 13 - Prob. 59QPCh. 13 - Prob. 60QPCh. 13 - Prob. 61QPCh. 13 - Prob. 62QPCh. 13 - Prob. 63QPCh. 13 - 13.64 How many liters of the antifreeze ethylene...Ch. 13 - Prob. 65QPCh. 13 - Prob. 66QPCh. 13 - Prob. 67QPCh. 13 - Prob. 68QPCh. 13 - 13.69 Both and are used to melt ice on roads and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 70QPCh. 13 - Prob. 71QPCh. 13 - Prob. 72QPCh. 13 - Prob. 73QPCh. 13 - Calculate the difference in osmotic pressure (in...Ch. 13 - 13.75 Which of the following aqueous solutions has...Ch. 13 - Prob. 76QPCh. 13 - 13.77 Arrange the following solutions in order of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 78QPCh. 13 - Indicate which compound in each of the following...Ch. 13 - Prob. 80QPCh. 13 - Prob. 81QPCh. 13 - The elemental analysis of an organic solid...Ch. 13 - 13.85 A solution of 2.50 g of a compound having...Ch. 13 - 13.86 The molar mass of benzoic acid determined...Ch. 13 - 13.87 A solution containing 0.8330 g of a polymer...Ch. 13 - Prob. 86QPCh. 13 - A solution of 6.85 g of a carbohydrate in 100.0 g...Ch. 13 - Prob. 88QPCh. 13 - Prob. 89QPCh. 13 - Prob. 90QPCh. 13 - Prob. 91QPCh. 13 - Prob. 92QPCh. 13 - Prob. 93APCh. 13 - Prob. 94APCh. 13 - 13.97 Acetic acid is a polar molecule and can form...Ch. 13 - Prob. 96APCh. 13 - Prob. 97APCh. 13 - Prob. 98APCh. 13 - Prob. 99APCh. 13 - Prob. 100APCh. 13 - Prob. 101APCh. 13 - Prob. 102APCh. 13 - Prob. 103APCh. 13 - A solution of 1.00 g of anhydrous aluminum...Ch. 13 - Explain why reverse osmosis is (theoretically)...Ch. 13 - A 1.32-g sample of a mixture of cyclohexane ( C 6...Ch. 13 - Prob. 107APCh. 13 - Prob. 108APCh. 13 - Prob. 109APCh. 13 - Prob. 110APCh. 13 - Prob. 111APCh. 13 - Prob. 112APCh. 13 - Prob. 113APCh. 13 - Iodine ( I 2 ) is only sparingly soluble in water...Ch. 13 - Concentrated hydrochloric acid is usually...Ch. 13 - Explain each of the following statements: (a) The...Ch. 13 - A mixture of NaCl and sucrose ( C 12 H 22 O 12 )...Ch. 13 - Prob. 118APCh. 13 - At 27°C, the vapor pressure of pure water is 23.76...Ch. 13 - A nonvolatile organic compound Z was used to make...Ch. 13 - Prob. 121APCh. 13 - Prob. 122APCh. 13 - Prob. 123APCh. 13 - Prob. 124APCh. 13 - Prob. 125APCh. 13 - Prob. 126APCh. 13 - Prob. 127APCh. 13 - Consider the three mercury manometers shown in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 129APCh. 13 - Prob. 130APCh. 13 - Prob. 131APCh. 13 - 13.136 In the apparatus shown, what will happen if...Ch. 13 - Prob. 133APCh. 13 - Prob. 134APCh. 13 - Lysozyme is an enzyme that cleaves bacterial cell...Ch. 13 - Prob. 136APCh. 13 - Prob. 137APCh. 13 - Prob. 138APCh. 13 - Prob. 139APCh. 13 - Prob. 140APCh. 13 - Prob. 141APCh. 13 - What masses of sodium chloride, magnesium...Ch. 13 - Prob. 143APCh. 13 - Prob. 144APCh. 13 - Prob. 145APCh. 13 - Hemoglobin, the oxygen-transport protein, binds...Ch. 13 - Prob. 147APCh. 13 - 13.152 The vapor pressure of ethanol and the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 149APCh. 13 - A mixture of two volatile liquids is said to be...Ch. 13 - A mixture of two volatile liquids is said to be...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3SEPPCh. 13 - Prob. 4SEPP
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