Concept explainers
The molecule that carries the genetic information of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be used in protein synthesis is
a. ribosomal RNA.
b. messenger RNA.
c. transfer RNA.
d. microRNA.
Introduction:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) being a polymeric molecule consists of a pentose sugar, nucleotides, and phosphate group. Unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), pentose sugar of RNA does not lack oxygen atom at two carbon positions of its structure. Nitrogenous bases involved are G (guanine), U (uracil), A (adenine), and C (cytosine).
Answer to Problem 1MC
Correct answer:
The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) carries the information from nucleus to the cytoplasm for the translation process.
Justification for the correct statement:
Option (b) is given as, messenger RNA. The central dogma states that DNA undergoes replication and then undergoes the process of transcription, which forms mRNA out of it. The mRNA formed then undergoes another process known as translation process wherein the protein synthesis takes place. Transcription process yield mRNA, which codes for the basic genetic information. The transportation of the information is aided by exportins located inside the nucleus of the cells. So, option (b) is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) is given as, ribosomal RNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is primarily responsible for the facilitation of amino acids at the time-translational process. So, option (a) is incorrect.
Option (c) is given as transfer RNA. The main function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to transfer the amino acid at the time of transcription process. They are also known as adapter molecule. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.
Option (d) is given as, microRNA. They are structurally small and functionally noncoding. They are primarily involved in the regulatory activity of gene expression. Therefore, option (d) is incorrect.
Hence, option (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that it is mRNA only, which holds the responsibility for transporting the genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
- What are the three phases of creating pre-mRNA? a. Initiation, Elongation and Termination b. Replication, Translation and Transliteration c. Initiation, Procession and Graduation d.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes tRNA? a. Provides the instructions for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide b. Complexes with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomes c. Used for eukaryotic RNA processing d. Transports amino acids to ribosomes during translationarrow_forwarda. Give the sequence of mRNA that would be transcribed off of the bottom strand and label its 5' and 3' ends. b. translate this RNA sequence in 1a into a protein sequence c. Give the sequence of mRNA that would be transcribed off of the top strand and label its 5' and 3' ends. d. Translate this RNA sequence in 1c into a protein sequencearrow_forward
- how does eukaryotic ribosome find the mRNA to be translated? A. the sigma factor B. the shine-Dalgarno sequence C. the Inr sequence D. the 5'caparrow_forwardWhich of the following is the definition of a gene? A. RNA that delivers amino acids to a ribosome during translation B. A unit of information encoded in the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA C. The RNA component of ribosomes D. RNA that carries a protein-building messagearrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA d. siRNA e. miRNAarrow_forward
- If one wanted to engineer cells capable of translating proteins from a 4-base codon, which part of these parts of the cell would NOT have to be re-engineered? a)RNA Polymerase b)Ribosome c)tRNAs d)tRNA synthetasesarrow_forwardDesign an experiment to determine whether a specific gene is transcribed by RNA polymerase II.arrow_forwardWhich enzyme links amino acids to the 3’ OH group of an RNA? (a) ribozyme (b) peptidyl transferase (c) DNA polymerase I (d) RNA polymerase II (e) amino-acyl tRNA synthetasearrow_forward
- Which of the following is an example of a transcription factor? A) gene B) a repressor C) a ribosome D) an intronarrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the characteristics and function of siRNA? A. a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA B. a short strand of RNA that can act as a transcription factor to initiate transcription C. a strand of DNA that can bind to and inactivate an mRNA sequence D. a tRNA that is not able to attach to a ribosome and therefore inhibits the process of translationarrow_forwardThe Kozak rules determine a. the choice of the start codon in complex eukaryotes. b. the choice of the start codon in bacteria. c. the site in the mRNA where translation ends. d. how fast the mRNA is translated.arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College