(a) The density of water at 0 ° C is very nearly 1 000 kg / m 3 (it is actually 999 . 84 kg / m 3 ), whereas the density of ice at 0 ° C is 917 kg / m 3 . Calculate the pressure necessary to keep ice from expanding when it freezes, neglecting the effect such a large pressure would have on the freezing temperature. (This problem gives you only an indication of how large the forces associated with freezing water might be.) (b) What are the implications of this result for biological cells that are frozen?
(a) The density of water at 0 ° C is very nearly 1 000 kg / m 3 (it is actually 999 . 84 kg / m 3 ), whereas the density of ice at 0 ° C is 917 kg / m 3 . Calculate the pressure necessary to keep ice from expanding when it freezes, neglecting the effect such a large pressure would have on the freezing temperature. (This problem gives you only an indication of how large the forces associated with freezing water might be.) (b) What are the implications of this result for biological cells that are frozen?
0
°
C
is very nearly
1
000
kg
/
m
3
(it is actually
999
.
84 kg
/
m
3
), whereas the density of ice at
0
°
C
is
917 kg
/
m
3
. Calculate the pressure necessary to keep ice from expanding when it freezes, neglecting the effect such a large pressure would have on the freezing temperature. (This problem gives you only an indication of how large the forces associated with freezing water might be.) (b) What are the implications of this result for biological cells that are frozen?
What is the ratio of the multiplicity of water vapor at 100∘C to that of liquid water at 100∘C for 1.0 g of water at a pressure of 1.0 atm? Give your answer as a power of 10.
The absolute pressure in your car tires is 3.3 × 105 Pa at a temperature of 35.0°C when you drive it onto a ferry boat to Alaska.
-What is the absolute pressure of the tires, in pascals, later when the temperature has dropped to -40.0°C? Assume the volume of each tire does not change.
Suppose you have a large hot air balloon, open at the bottom but filled with air that is heated to 50 °C while the outside air is 10 °C. What can you say about the air inside the balloon and how much it can lift?
The density of air is surprisingly high: 1.23 kg/m3, an average hot air balloon has a volume of 3000 m3 , and the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
The density is higher by the factor (273 + 50)/(273+10) = 1.14 and therefore will not have a buoyant force and will not lift off the ground with any load.
The density is lower by the factor (273 + 10)/(273+50) = 0.88 and therefore will have a buoyant force of 0.88 times the weight of the air it replaced, or about 32,000 N.
The density is lower by the factor (273 + 10)/(273+50) = 0.88 and therefore will have a buoyant force of 0.12 times the weight of the air it replaced, or about 4300 N.
The density is the same but the pressure of the hot air is higher by (273 + 50)/(273+10) =…
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