Chapter 14, Problem 14.4E

Identify each of the following compounds as an aldehyde, a ketone, or neither:

a. d.

b. e.

c. f.

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given compound is to be identified as an aldehyde, a ketone, or neither.

Concept introduction:

An aldehyde consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to minimum one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to two carbon atoms. The structural formula of an aldehyde is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{H}$ and the structural formula of a ketone is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{R}$.

Answer to Problem 14.4E

The given compound is an aldehyde.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 1

The given compound contains carbonyl group that is connected to one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom. Hence, it is an aldehyde.

Conclusion

The given compound is an aldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given compound is to be identified as an aldehyde, a ketone, or neither.

Concept introduction:

An aldehyde consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to minimum one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to two carbon atoms. The structural formula of an aldehyde is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{H}$ and the structural formula of a ketone is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{R}$.

Answer to Problem 14.4E

The given compound is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 2

In the given compound, the carbonyl group is not attached with two carbon atoms. Therefore, it is not a ketone. Also, the carbonyl group is not attached with at least one hydrogen atom. Thus, it is not an aldehyde. Hence, it is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Conclusion

The given compound is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given compound is to be identified as an aldehyde, a ketone, or neither.

Concept introduction:

An aldehyde consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to minimum one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to two carbon atoms. The structural formula of an aldehyde is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{H}$ and the structural formula of a ketone is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{R}$.

Answer to Problem 14.4E

The given compound is a ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 3

The given compound contains carbonyl group that is connected to two carbon atoms in the ring. Hence, it is a ketone.

Conclusion

The given compound is a ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given compound is to be identified as an aldehyde, a ketone, or neither.

Concept introduction:

An aldehyde consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to minimum one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to two carbon atoms. The structural formula of an aldehyde is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{H}$ and the structural formula of a ketone is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{R}$.

Answer to Problem 14.4E

The given compound is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 4

In the given compound, the carbonyl group is not attached with two carbon atoms. Therefore, it is not a ketone. Also, the carbonyl group is not attached with at least one hydrogen atom. Thus, it is not an aldehyde. Hence, it is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Conclusion

The given compound is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given compound is to be identified as an aldehyde, a ketone, or neither.

Concept introduction:

An aldehyde consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to two carbon atoms. The structural formula of an aldehyde is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{H}$ and the structural formula of a ketone is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{R}$.

Answer to Problem 14.4E

The given compound is a ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 5

The given compound contains carbonyl group that is connected to two carbon atoms. Hence, it is a ketone.

Conclusion

The given compound is a ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given compound is to be identified as an aldehyde, a ketone, or neither.

Concept introduction:

An aldehyde consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to minimum one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone consists of a carbonyl group that is single bonded to two carbon atoms. The structural formula of an aldehyde is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{H}$ and the structural formula of a ketone is $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{R}$.

Answer to Problem 14.4E

The given compound is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 6

In the given compound, the carbonyl group is not attached with two carbon atoms. Therefore, it is not a ketone. Also, the carbonyl group is not attached with at least one hydrogen atom. Thus, it is not an aldehyde. The carbonyl group is attached to one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom. Hence, it is neither aldehyde nor ketone.

Conclusion

The given compound is neither aldehyde nor ketone.