Concept explainers
Exercises 41 through 44 refer to a clinical trial named APPROVe designed to determine whether Vioxx, a medication used for arthritis and acute pain, was effective in preventing the recurrence of colorectal polyps in patients with a history of colorectal adenomas. APPROVe was conducted between
What conclusions would you draw from APPROVe?
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MYLAB MATH FOR EXCURSIONS IN MATHEMATIC
- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardList the sample space of each experiment. Selecting a letter of the alphabetarrow_forwardFifteen inbred laboratory rats (Rattus norvegi-cus) were randomly assigned to three groups of five each. Each rat was inoculated with Staphylococcus mucans, a bacterium involved in the process of tooth decay. One group (control) was given no additional treatment. A second group was given drug A, and a third group was given drug B. At the end of six weeks, the extent of tooth decay in the rats was evaluated as percent of tooth decay. This is a fairly subjective measurement based on the combined evaluation of three observ-ers and should probably be regarded as an ordinal measurement. We wish to know if there is a difference among the three groups.arrow_forward
- In an article about unusual allergies, a doctor explained that allergy to sulfites is usually seen in patients with asthma. The typical reaction is a sudden increase in asthma symptoms after eating a food containing sulfites. Studies are performed to estimate the percentage of the nation's 10 million asthmatics who are allergic to sulfites. In one survey, 22 of 400 randomly selected asthmatics in the country were found to be allergic to sulfites. Find and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the proportion, p, of all asthmatics in the country who are allergic to sulfites. Click here to view page 1 of the table of areas under the standard normal curve. Click here to view page 2 of the table of areas under the standard normal curve. The 90% confidence interval is from to. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) Interpret the confidence interval. Choose the correct answer below. O A. With 90% confidence, the true proportion of all asthmatics in the country who are allergic to…arrow_forwardIn an article about unusual allergies, a doctor explained that allergy to sulfites is usually seen in patients with asthma. The typical reaction is a sudden increase in asthma symptoms after eating a food containing sulfites. Studies are performed to estimate the percentage of the nation's 10 million asthmatics who are allergic to sulfites. In one survey, 39 of 600 randomly selected asthmatics in the country were found to be allergic to sulfites. Find and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the proportion, p, of all asthmatics in the country who are allergic to sulfites. Click here to view page 1 of the table of areas under the standard normal curve. Click here to view page 2 of the table of areas under the standard normal curve. to The 95% confidence interval is from (Round to three decimal places as needed.) Interpret the confidence interval. Choose the correct answer below. O A. There is a 95% probability that the sample proportion of all asthmatics in the country who are…arrow_forwardA sleep researcher conducts an experiment to determine whether sleep loss affects the ability to maintain sustained attention. Fifteen individuals are randomly divided into the following three groups of five subjects each: group 1, which gets the normal amount of sleep (7-8); group 2, which is sleep-deprived for 24 hours; and group 3, which is sleep-deprived for 48 hours. All three groups are tested on the same auitory vigilance task. Subjects are presented with half-second tones spaced at irregular intervals over a 1-hour duration. Occasionally, one of the tones is slightly shorter than the rest. The subject's task is to detect the shorter tones. The following percentages of correct detections were observed (in picture): g. Do a planned comparison between the means of the 48-hour sleep deprived group and the normal sleep group to see whether these conditions differ in their effect on the ability to maintain sustained attention. Use α=0.05(2tail). What do you conclude? h. Do post hoc…arrow_forward
- A study used 1259 patients who had suffered a stroke. The study randomly assigned each subject to an aspirin treatment or a placebo treatment. During a 3-year follow-up period, in Sample 1, 634 people received placebo treatments and 25 people died from heart attack. In sample 2, 625 people received aspirin treatment and 18 died from heart attack. Let pl denote the population proportion of death from heart attack for those with no treatment and p2 denote the population proportion of death from heart attack for those with aspirin treatment. (c) Which of SEO and SE1 is used for calculating a confidence interval for comparing two population proportions? Which is used for calculating the test statistic in a hypothesis test? (d) Construct the 95% confidence interval for pi – p2. Interpret.arrow_forwardThe Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC) recommends that children drink the number of 8- ounce cups of water equal to their age. This means that a five-year-old child should drink five 8- ounce cups of water each day (40 oz of water). Suppose a sample of 50 five-year-old children was randomly selected from all residents of Irvine, CA. Families of the children were asked to record their child's water consumption for two consecutive days on a weekend and the average number of ounces of water over the two days was recorded as the estimated daily water intake for each child. The study started in June and ended in August. Suppose you find that the average water intake of all five-year-olds in the sample is 37 ounces per day with a standard deviation of 4.5 oz. 14. Based on the 95% Cl of (35.25193, 38.87857), which of the following values is plausible for a p- value? 0.2505 0.85 0.95 0.002505arrow_forwardAs products come off a large assembly line, they are inspected for quality. They are placed into one of three categories: pass, fail, or need additional inspection. The manager claims that 80% of the products pass the inspection, 5% fail, and 15% need additional inspection. In an effort to increase the passing rate, the machines are recalibrated. After this recalibration, a random sample of 100 products is selected. It is discovered that 85 passed inspection, 2 failed, and 13 needed additional inspection. The manager would like to know if there is convincing evidence that the distribution has changed. What is the value of the chi-square test statistic and P-value? Find the chi-square table here. χ2 = 2.38, P-value is less than 0.0005 χ2 = 2.38, P-value is greater than 0.25 χ2 = 5.10, P-value is less than 0.0005 χ2 = 5.10, P-value is greater than 0.25arrow_forward
- Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGALCollege Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning